The below letter was written by Bill Wilson to the eminent Swiss psychologist & psychiatrist Dr. Carl Gustav Jung which was dated 1/23/61.  Bill considered it a long overdue note of appreciation for Dr. Jung’s contribution to A.A.’s solution for alcoholism.  The Big Book refers to part of the story on pages 26 & 27.  This letter is then followed by Dr. Jung’s reply.

 

My dear Dr. Jung:

This letter of great appreciation has been very long overdue.

May I first introduce myself as Bill W., a co-founder of the Society of Alcoholics Anonymous.  Though you have surely heard of us, I doubt if you are aware that a certain conversation you once had with one of your patients, a Mr. Rowland H., back in the early 1930’s, did play a critical role in the founding of our Fellowship.

Though Rowland H. has long since passed away, the recollections of his remarkable experience while under treatment by you has definitely become part of AA history.  Our remembrance of Rowland H.’s statements about his experience with you is as follows:

Having exhausted other means of recovery from his alcoholism, it was about 1931 that he became your patient.  I believe he remained under your care for perhaps a year.  His admiration for you was boundless, and he left you with a feeling of much confidence.

To his great consternation, he soon relapsed into intoxication.  Certain that you were his “court of last resort,” he again returned to your care.  Then followed the conversation between you that was to become the first link in the chain of events that led to the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous.

My recollection of his account of that conversation is this: First of all, you frankly told him of his hopelessness, so far as any further medical or psychiatric treatment might be concerned.  This candid and humble statement of yours was beyond doubt the first foundation stone upon which our Society has since been built.

Coming from you, one he so trusted and admired, the impact upon him was immense.

When he then asked you if there was any other hope, you told him that there might be, provided he could become the subject of a spiritual or religious experience – in short, a genuine conversion.  You pointed out how such an experience, if brought about, might remotivate him when nothing else could.  But you did caution, though, that while such experiences had sometimes brought recovery to alcoholics, they were, nevertheless, comparatively rare.  You recommended that he place himself in a religious atmosphere and hope for the best.  This I believe was the substance of your advice.

Shortly thereafter, Mr. H. joined the Oxford Groups, an evangelical movement then at the height of its success in Europe, and one with which you are doubtless familiar.  You will remember their large emphasis upon the principles of self-survey, confession, restitution, and the giving of oneself in service to others.  They strongly stressed meditation and prayer.  In these surroundings, Rowland H. did find a conversion experience that released him for the time being from his compulsion to drink.

Returning to New York, he became very active with the “O.G.” here, then led by an Episcopal clergyman, Dr. Samuel Shoemaker.  Dr. Shoemaker had been one of the founders of that movement, and his was a powerful personality that carried immense sincerity and conviction.

At this time (1932-34) the Oxford Groups had already sobered a number of alcoholics, and Rowland, feeling that he could especially identify with these sufferers, addressed himself to the help of still others.  One of these chanced to be an old schoolmate of mine, Edwin T.(“Ebby”).  He had been threatened with commitment to an institution, but Mr. H. and another ex-alcoholic “O.G.” member procured his parole and helped to bring about his sobriety.

Meanwhile, I had run the course of alcoholism and was threatened with commitment myself.  Fortunately I had fallen under the care of a physician – a Dr. William D. Silkworth – who was wonderfully capable of understanding alcoholics.  But just as you had given up on Rowland, so had he given me up.  It was theory that alcoholism had two components – an obsession that compelled the sufferer to drink against his will and interest, and some sort of metabolism difficulty which he then called an allergy.  The alcoholic’s compulsion guaranteed that the alcoholic’s drinking would go on, and the allergy made sure that the sufferer would finally deteriorate, go insane, or die.  Though I had been one of the few he had thought it possible to help, he was finally abliged to tell me of my hopelessness; I, too, would have to be locked up.  To me, this was a shattering blow.  Just as Rowland had been made ready for his conversion experience by you, so had my wonderful friend, Dr. Silkworth, prepared me.

Hearing of my plight, my friend Edwin T. came to see me at my home where I was drinking.  By then, it was November 1934.  I had long marked my friend Edwin for a hopeless case.  Yet there he was in a very evident state of “release” which could by no means accounted for by his mere association for a very short time with the Oxford Groups.  Yet this obvious state of release, as distinguished from the usual depression, was tremendously convincing.  Because he was a kindred sufferer, he could unquestionably communicate with me at great depth.  I knew at once I must find an experience like his, or die.

Again I returned to Dr. Silkworth’s care where I could be once more sobered and so gain a clearer view of my friend’s experience of release, and of Rowland H.’s approach to him.

Clear once more of alcohol, I found myself terribly depressed.  This seemed to be caused by my inability to gain the slightest faith.  Edwin T. again visited me and repeated the simple Oxford Groups’ formulas.  Soon after he left me I became even more depressed.  In utter despair I cried out, “If there be a God, will He show Himself.”  There immediately came to me an illumination of enormous impact and dimension, something which I have since tried to describe in the book “Alcoholics Anonymous” and in “AA Comes of Age”, basic texts which I am sending you.

My release from the alcohol obsession was immediate.  At once I knew I was a free man.

Shortly following my experience, my friend Edwin came to the hospital, bringing me a copy of William James’ “Varieties of Religious Experience”.  This book gave me the realization that most conversion experiences, whatever their variety, do have a common denominator of ego collapse at depth.  The individual faces an impossible dilemma.  In my case the dilemma had been created by my compulsive drinking and the deep feeling of hopelessness had been vastly deepened by my doctor.  It was deepened still more by my alcoholic friend when he acquainted me with your verdict of hopelessness respecting Rowland H.

In the wake of my spiritual experience there came a vision of a society of alcoholics, each identifying with and transmitting his experience to the next – chain style.  If each sufferer were to carry the news of the scientific hopelessness of alcoholism to each new prospect, he might be able to lay every newcomer wide open to a transforming spiritual experience.  This concept proved to be the foundation of such success as Alcoholics Anonymous has since achieved.  This has made conversion experiences – nearly every variety reported by James – available on an almost wholesale basis.  Our sustained recoveries over the last quarter century number about 300,000.  In America and through the world there are today 8,000 AA groups.

So to you, to Dr. Shoemaker of the Oxford Groups, to William James, and to my own physician, Dr. Silkworth, we of AA owe this tremendous benefaction.  As you will now clearly see, This astonishing chain of events actually started long ago in your consulting room, and it was directly founded upon your own humility and deep perception.

Very many thoughtful AAs are students of your writings.  Because of your conviction that man is something more than intellect, emotion, and two dollars worth of chemicals, you have especially endeared yourself to us.

How our Society grew, developed its Traditions for unity, and structured its functioning will be seen in the texts and pamphlet material that I am sending you.

You will also be interested to learn that in addition to the “spiritual experience,” many AAs report a great variety of psychic phenomena, the cumulative weight of which is very considerable.  Other members have – following their recovery in AA – been much helped by your practitioners.  A few have been intrigued by the “I Ching” and your remarkable introduction to that work.

Please be certain that your place in the affection, and in the history of the Fellowship, is like no other.

 

Gratefully yours,

William G. W.

Co-founder Alcoholics Anonymous

 

The below letter was sent back to Bill from the kind doctor, dated 1/30/61.

 

Dear Mr. Wilson:

Your letter has been very welcome indeed.

I had no news from Rowland H. any more and often wondered what has been his fate.  Our conversation which he has adequately reported to you had an aspect of which he did not know.  The reason that I could not tell him everything was that those days I had to be exceedingly careful of what I said.

I had found out that I was misunderstood in every possible way.  Thus I was very careful when I talked to Rowland H.  But what I really thought about was the result of many experiences with men of his kind.

His craving for alcohol was the equivalent, on a low level, of the spiritual thirst of our being for wholeness, expressed in medieval language: the union with God.

How could one formulate such an insight in a language that is not misunderstood in our days?

The only right and legitimate way to such an experience is, that it happens to you in reality and it can only happen to you when you walk on a path which leads you to higher understanding.  You might be led to that goal by an act of grace or through a personal and honest contact with friends, or through a higher education of the mind beyond the confines of mere rationalism.  I see from your letter that Rowland H. has chosen the second way, which was, under the circumstances, obviously the best one.

I am strongly convinced that the evil principle prevailing in this world leads the unrecognized spiritual need into perdition, if it is not counteracted either by real religious insight or by the protective wall of human community.  An ordinary man, not protected by an action from above and isolated in society, cannot resist the power of evil, which is called very aptly the Devil.  But the use of such words arouses so many mistakes that one can only keep aloof from them as much as possible.

These are the reasons why I could not give a full and sufficient explanation to Rowland H.  But I am risking it with you because I conclude from your very decent and honest letter that you have acquired a point of view above the misleading platitudes one usually hears about alcoholism.

You see, alcohol in Latin is spiritus and you use the same word for the highest religious experience as well as for the most depraving poison.  The helpful formula therefore is: spiritus contra spiritum.

Thanking you again for your kind letter.

I remain

yours sincerly

1. G. Jung

(Facts and thoughts transcribed from a talk given by Wally P. on 11/23/96 in Mesa, Arizona.  Wally is the author of the book “Back To Basics: The Alcoholics Anonymous Beginners’ Meetings, ‘Here are the steps we took…’ in Four One-Hour Sessions”.)

Initial growth in Alcoholics Anonymous took place in Cleveland, Ohio. Clarence S. and the guys went out actively pursuing drunks and brought them off bar stools and street corners. We don’t do that today, but we were doing it back then [late 1930’s and 1940’s]. And it worked!

In early 1940, when there were about 1,000 members of AA, more than half were from Cleveland. The book ‘AA Comes of Age’ talks about it on pages 20 and 21: “It was soon evident that a scheme of personal sponsorship would have to be devised for the new people. Each prospect was assigned an older AA, who visited him at his home or in the hospital, instructed him on AA principles, and conducted him to his first meeting.” So even back in the early days the sponsor was taking the sponsee to meetings and getting together with him, rather than having the sponsee track the sponsor down. ‘AA Comes of Age’ continues by saying, “But in the face of many hundreds of pleas for help, the supply of elders could not possibly match the demand. Brand-new AA’s, sober only a month or even a week, had to sponsor alcoholics still drying up in hospitals.” Because of this rapid growth in Cleveland, the idea of formalized classes started. In the book ‘Dr. Bob and the Good Old-timers’ it states on page 261, “Yes, Cleveland’s results were the best. Their results were in fact so good that many a Clevelander really though AA had started there in the first place.” Over half of the fellowship was from Cleveland up and through the mid-1940s.

During the winter of 1941 the Crawford Group (founded in February 1941) organized a separate group to help newcomers through the Steps. By the first issue of the Cleveland Central Bulletin, October 1942, the Crawford “Beginners’ Class” was listed as a separate meeting. And in the second issue, in November 1942, there was an article entitled “Crawford Men’s Training”. This refers to possibly the first “Beginners’ Class”. “The Crawford Men’s Training System has been highly acclaimed to many. Old AA’s are asked to come to these meetings with or without new prospects, where new prospects will be given individual attention just as though they were in a hospital. Visiting a prospect in his home has always been handicapped by interruptions. But the prospect not daring to unburden himself completely for fear of being overheard by his relatives and by the AA’s reticence for the same reason. Hospitalization without question is the ideal answer to where the message will be most effective; but the Crawford training plan strikes us as being the next best.”

In the early days they weren’t sure if you could get sober if you didn’t go to treatment. That was one of the early questions – could a person get sober without going to a three or five-day detox. Because it was during that detox that sometimes ten and twenty AA members came to visit the new person. And each hour the prospect was awake he would hear someone’s story – over and over again. And something gelled during these hospital stays. But they were trying to do it outside of the hospital and this is where the first of the classes came from.

These classes continued at Euclid Avenue Meeting Hall through June 1943 and at that time the Central Bulletin announced a second session – “The Miles Training Meeting”. The bulletin read, “The Miles Group reports they have enjoyed unusual success with their training meetings. The newcomer is not permitted to attend a regular AA meeting until he has been given a thorough knowledge of the work.” The newcomer couldn’t go to a meeting until he completed the training session. A lot of places didn’t allow you to go to AA meetings until you had taken the four classes. You didn’t just sit there – you had already completed the steps when you went to your first AA meeting. “From 15 to 20 participate at each training meeting and new members are thoroughly indoctrinated.”

These meetings grew and spread and visitors came from out of town and out of state. In 1943 the Northwest Group in Detroit, Michigan standardized the classes into four sessions. “In June 1943 a group of members proposed the idea of a separate discussion meeting to more advantageously present the Twelve Steps of the recovery program to the new affiliates. The decision was made to hold a Closed Meeting for alcoholics only for this purpose. The first discussion meeting of the Northwest Group was held on Monday night June 14, 1943 and has been held every Monday night without exception thereafter (as of 1948). A plan of presentation of the Twelve Steps of the recovery program was developed at this meeting. The plan consisted of dividing the Twelve Steps into four categories for easier study.” The divisions were:

1. The Admission
2. Spiritual
3. Restitution and Inventory
4. Working and the message

“Each division came to be discussed on each succeeding Monday night in rotation. This method was so successful that it was adopted first by other groups in Detroit and then throughout the United States. Finally the format was published in it’s entirety by the Washington, DC Group in a pamphlet entitled ‘An Interpretation of our Twelve Steps.” The first pamphlet was published in 1944 and contains the following introduction: “Meetings are held for the purpose of aquatinting both the old and new members with the Twelve Steps on which our Program is based. So that all Twelve Steps may be covered in a minimum of time they are divided into four classifications. One evening each week will be devoted to each of the four subdivisions. Thus, in one month a new man can get the bases of our Twelve Suggested Steps.” This pamphlet was reproduced many times in Washington, DC and then throughout the country and is even still being printed in some areas today.

In the Fall of 1944, a copy of the Washington, DC pamphlet reached Barry C. – one of the AA pioneers in Minneapolis. He wrote a letter to the New York headquarters requesting permission to distribute the pamphlet. We talk about “Conference Approved Literature” today; but this is the way the Fellowship operated back then. This is a letter from Bobby B., Bill W.’s secretary, printed on “Alcoholic Foundation” stationary. This is what she says: “The Washington pamphlet, like the new Cleveland one, and a host of others, are all local projects. We do not actually approve or disapprove these local pieces. By that I mean the Foundation feels that each group is entitled to write up their own ‘can opener’ and to let it stand on it’s own merits. All of them have their good points and very few have caused any controversy. But in all things of a local nature we keep hands off – either pro or con. Frankly, I haven’t had the time to more than glance at the Washington booklet, but I’ve heard some favorable comments about it. I think there must be at least 25 local pamphlets now being used and I’ve yet to see one that hasn’t some good points.”

And then in 1945 the AA Grapevine printed three articles on the “Beginners’ Classes”. The first one was published in June and it described how the classes were conducted in St. Louis, Missouri. This has to do with the “education plan” and they called it the Wilson Club. “One of the four St. Louis AA groups is now using a very satisfactory method of educating prospects and new members. It has done much to reduce the number of ‘slippers’ among new members. In brief it is somewhat as follows: Each new prospect is asked to attend four successive Thursday night meetings. Each one of which is devoted to helping the new man learn something about Alcoholics Anonymous, it’s founding and the way it works. The new man is told something about the book and how this particular group functions. Wilson Club members are not considered full active members of AA until they’ve attended these four educational meetings.”

In the September 1945 issue of the Grapevine the Geniuses Group in Rochester, NY explained their format for taking newcomers through the Steps. The title of the article was “Rochester Prepares Novices for Group Participation”. This is how they perceived the recovery process to operate most efficiently: “It has been our observation that bringing men [and woman] into the group indiscriminately and without adequate preliminary training and information can be a source of considerable grief and a cause of great harm to the general moral of the group itself. We feel that unless a man, after a course of instruction and an intelligent presentation of the case for the AA life, has accepted it without any reservation he should not be included in group membership. When the sponsors feel that a novice has a fair working knowledge of AA’s objectives and sufficient grasp of it’s fundamentals then he is brought to his first group meeting. Then he listens to four successive talks based on the Twelve Steps and Four Absolutes. They are twenty-minute talks given by the older members of the group and the Steps for convenience and brevity are divided into four sections. The first three Steps constitute the text of the first talk; the next four the second; the next four the third; and the last Step is considered to be entitled a full evening’s discussion by itself.” This group taught the Steps in order rather than in segments.

In December 1945, the St. Paul, Minnesota Group wrote a full-page description of the “Beginners’ Meetings”. The description of their four one-hour classes was: “New members are urged to attend all the sessions in the proper order. At every meeting the three objectives of AA are kept before the group: to obtain and to recover from those things which caused us to drink and to help others who want what we have.” In 1945 Barry C., of Minneapolis, received a letter from one of the members from the Peoria, Illinois Group. In the letter, the writer, Bud, describes the efforts of Peoria, Illinois in regarding the “Beginners’ Classes”. “In my usual slow and cautious matter I proceeded to sell the Peoria Group on the Nicollet Group. Tomorrow night we all meet to vote the adoption of our bylaws slightly altered to fit local conditions”. (No one taught the classes the same way. They were taught based on a group conscience.) “Sunday afternoon at 4:30 our first class in the Twelve Steps begins. We’re all attending the first series of classes so we’ll all be on an even footing. We anticipate on losing some fair-weather AA hangers-on in the elimination automatically imposed by the rule that these classes must be attended. This elimination we anticipate with a “we” feeling of suppressed pleasure. It is much as we are all extremely fed up with running a free drunk taxi and sobering-up service.”

Then sometime prior to 1946 in Akron, Ohio the Akron Group started publishing four pamphlets on the AA Program. They were written by Ed W. at the direction of Dr. Bob, one of the co-founders of AA. Dr. Bob wanted some “blue-collar” pamphlets for the Fellowship. In one of the pamphlets, “A Guide to the Twelve Steps”, it reads: “A Guide to the Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous is intended to be a simple, short and concise interpretation of the rules for sober living as compiled by the earliest members of the organization. The writers and editors are members of the Akron, Ohio Group where Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935. Most of the ideas and explanations were brought out in a series of instruction classes conducted by veteran members of the group.” So this proves the classes were being taught in Akron, Ohio. There are a lot of places they were being taught.

Then the classes were actually formalized into a book called “The Little Red Book” in 1946. The inscription on the inside cover says, “The material in this Little Red Book is an outgrowth of a series of notes originally prepared for Twelve Step instruction to AA beginners.” So we know the “Little Red Book” came out of these four one-hour classes also. “Few books have had greater record for humble service than the Little Red Book upon which so many members have cut their AA teeth.” A manuscript drawn up from these notes was sent to Dr. Bob at the request of USA and Canadian members. He approved the manuscript and the book was published in 1946. Dr. Bob approved of “The Little Red Book”. So Dr. Bob not only authorized the publication of the Akron pamphlets, he also endorsed “The Little Red Book”, both of which were products of the “Beginners’ Classes”.

Even our first AA group handbook, originally entitled “A Handbook for the Secretary”, published by the Alcoholic Foundation in 1950, had a section on the “Beginners’ Classes”. At the time there were only three types of meetings: Open Speaker Meetings, Closed Discussion Meetings, and Beginners’ Meetings. There was no such thing as an Open Discussion Meeting in the early days of Alcoholics Anonymous. In the Beginners’ Meetings, which are described in the Meeting section, the handbook states: “In larger metropolitan areas a special type of meeting for newcomers to AA is proved extremely successful. Usually staged for a half-hour prior to an open meeting, this meeting features an interpretation of AA usually by an older member presented in terms designed to make the program clear to the new member. (Note: The Chicago Group held their “Beginners’ Classes” a half-hour prior to their Open Meeting. When publishing the group handbook, the New York office only described Chicago’s format.) After the speaker’s presentation the meeting is thrown open to questions.” In each of the four one-hour classes there was always a session for questions afterwards. “Occasionally, the AA story is presented by more than one speaker. The emphasis remains exclusively on the newcomer and his problem.”

The four one-hour classes were taught all over the country. Some other cities include Oklahoma City, Miami Florida, and Phoenix Arizona.

If these classes were so important, then what happened to them? Most of the people who have joined AA in the last twenty-five years or so have never even heard of them. Ruth R., an old-timer in Miami Florida, who came into AA in 1953, gave some insight into the demise of the “Beginners’ Classes”. “At that time the classes were being conducted at the Alana Club in Miami – two books were used: “Alcoholics Anonymous” (Big Book) and the “Little Red Book”. Jim and Dora H., Florida AA pioneers, were enthusiastic supporters and they helped organize several of the classes and served as instructors.” (Note: Dora was a Panel 7 Delegate to the General Service Office.) Ruth recalled that the classes were discontinued in the mid-1950s as the result of the publication of the book “Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions” by Alcoholics Anonymous Publishing Inc. In the Miami area the “Twelve and Twelve” replaced both the “Big Book” and the “Little Red Book” and “Step Studies” replaced the “Beginners’ Classes”. In the process, the period for taking the Steps was expanded and modified from 4 weeks to somewhere in between 12 and 16 weeks. The Fourth Step inventory was modified and became a much more laborious and detailed procedure. What was originally conceived as a very simple program, which took a few hours to complete, evolved into a complicated and confusing undertaking requiring several months.

Studying the Steps is not the same as taking the Steps. In the “Beginners’ Classes” you take the steps. The Big Book says, “Here are the steps we took” not “here are the steps we read and talked about.” The AA pioneers proved that action, not knowledge, produced the spiritual awakening that resulted in recovery from alcoholism. On page 88, the authors of the Big Book wrote, “It works-it really does. We alcoholics are undisciplined. So we let God discipline us in the simple way we have just outlined. But this is not all. There is action and more action. Faith without works is dead.”

 

(This concludes the description of the “Beginners’ Classes” during Wally P.’s talk in Masa, Arizona on November 23, 1996. Wally P. is an AA Archivist from Tucson, Arizona. For two years he researched and studied areas of the country that held “Beginners’ Classes” back in the 40’s and ‘50’s. He then started teaching the classes under the guidance of his sponsor who took the classes in 1953 and never drank again. In March of 1996 Wally mentioned the “Beginners’ Classes” as part of his historical presentation at the Wilson House in East Dorset, Vermont. Wally then wrote and published a book entitled “Back to Basics: The Alcoholics Anonymous Beginners’ Classes – Take all 12 Steps in Four One-Hour Sessions.” Since then, there have been over 1000 “Back to Basics” meetings and groups started all over the world. Now, almost 60 years since the classes were first originated, newcomers are once again being taken through the Twelve Steps in four one-hour “Beginners’ Classes”.

On a Saturday in April 1998, members of the “Into Action Big Book Group” of Berkeley Heights, N.J. went to see Wally give a presentation of the “Beginners’ Classes” in Philadelphia.  Members went through the Steps in the four one-hour classes, all in one day. This group then began facilitating the classes in June 1998 in various locations throughout New Jersey and has taken thousands of AA members through the Steps since.  They have expanded the classes to be five, one-and-one-half hour sessions, to include more of the material for each Step in the Big Book.

The Cherry Hill Group of Southern New Jersey has taught Beginners’ Classes every Sunday evening since early 1998.

The Woodlands Group in Texas have been conducting the “Beginners’ Classes” since April 1998. Within one year, about ten “Back to Basics” meetings resulted from the Woodland group and approximately 1,650 alcoholics were taken through the Steps! The Woodlands and subsequent groups in Texas are enjoying a 75-93% success rate like the Cleveland groups had in the 1940’s.

Wally P. has a website containing much information on the AA “Beginners’ Classes”. Go to www.aabacktobasics.com on the World Wide Web.)

The following, rather long, extract describes the Washingtonians and one of their star speakers as they were seen from the perspective of the latter part of the 19th century–years after their decline to little more than a fond memory in the minds of temperance advocates. The extract is from The Temperance Reform and its Great Reformers by Rev. W.H. Daniels, A.M., published 1878.

Thanks to Rick K. who came across the book, converted this segment into digital format, and made it available for reproduction here.

 

Excerpted from The Temperance Reform and its Great Reformers
by Rev. W.H. Daniels, A.M., published 1878.

Chapter VI — The Washingtonians

The Washingtonian movement had its origin in a tippling house, in the city of Baltimore, in the year 1840, with a company of half a dozen hard drinkers who had formed themselves into a club, and who used to meet for drinking bouts at Chase’s tavern.

One night the Rev. Matthew Hale Smith, a noted lecturer on temperance, was announced to speak in one of the churches, and they appointed two of their number a committee to go and hear him. The committee brought back a favorable report of the man and his doctrines, upon which a warm discussion arose. This being overheard by the landlord, he at once broke into a tirade against all temperance lecturers, and denounced them as hypocrites and fools.

To this storm of abuse one of the old topers replied, “Of course it is for your interest to cry them down;” whereupon the discussion waxed hotter and hotter, and resulted in the six men forming themselves into a temperance club which they styled the “Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society,” and adopted a pledge requiring total abstinence from the use of all intoxicating liquors.

The names of those six individuals were William Mitchell, David Hoss, Charles Anderson, George Steer, Bill M’Curdy, and Tom Campbell. John Hawkins early became a member, but was not one of the original six.

They then voted to meet the next night in a carpenter shop, and each agreed to bring a new member. These meetings were held almost nightly, at which each man related his own experience at the court of death. As might be expected, the meetings soon began to attract public attention.

These reformed men were soon invited to visit other cities and towns; and who of our older citizens has not listened to the thrilling and simple experience of John Hawkins as he portrayed the misery of the drunkard, and told the touching story of his little daughter, Hannah, persuading him to reform? This new movement spread from city to city, and from town to town, until there was scarcely a place in the United States that did not have its Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society. Men who had been drunkards for years burst the bonds that had so long bound them, and became temperance reformers. The name being quite long, it soon became shortened by daily use, and these organizations became known throughout the country as “Washingtonians.”

This was a rebellion of the subjects of King Alcohol against his tyranny, and as such it immediately became famous. It was a reform, commencing with the people who most needed reformation, and carried with it so much of sound sense, and so little of mere rhetoric, that every-where the reformed men who went about telling their own experience and salvation from the power of liquor found large and attentive audiences, and the Washingtonian movement became the chief topic both in religious and social circles.

It was quite a wonderful thing to hear a man in plain clothes, and without any of the graces of speech, declare what had been done for him, and exhorting with all simplicity and boldness that others should give up liquor as he had done.

The common people heard these men gladly, and drunkards by thousands and tens of thousands signed the total abstinence pledge.

In this movement there was no exception made in favor of the man who could buy fifteen gallons over the man who could buy a single glass.

Ale, wine, beer, cider, every thing else that had alcohol in it, was rejected, and for motives of domestic peace and plenty, self-respect and personal honor, men were persuaded to sign this pledge.

It was assumed that every man who wished to do so was able to break off his habits of drink. The religious feature of the movement, which is its latest and crowning glory, had not then appeared. Personal experiences, droll stories, and sharp jokes at the expense of drunkards and drunkard makers; imitations of the antics and fooleries of men under the influence of liquor; sharp thrusts at the avariciousness and meanness of the liquor sellers, and at the tricks of liquor makers, formed the staple of the lecturing under the Washingtonian movement.

When this movement began, Dr. Jewitt, who was himself one of the chief agents of the reformation in Massachusetts, says, “Nineteen twentieths of the clergy were total abstainers;” and what was true of Massachusetts was substantially true throughout New England.

The progress of the temperance reform for the nine years from 1831 to 1840 may be indicated by the following figures: In the first-mentioned year twelve millions of people drank seventy millions of gallons of liquor — an average of six gallons a year to every man, woman, and child — besides wine, beer and cider. In 1840 seventeen millions of people drank forty-three millions of gallons — a reduction of more than one half per capita.

Still more manifest were the signs of progress after the Washingtonian movement fairly got under way, and the reformed men had commenced their tour of the principal cities, relating their experience to assembled multitudes, and gathering in the people by thousands to the new society. It is estimated that under the impetus of this movement one hundred and fifty thousand drunkards signed the pledge, besides uncounted thousands of other classes of society.

Some of the leaders in this movement, so far from feeling the need of religion, declared that religious exercises of every kind were out of place in temperance meetings. They were not even opened with prayer.

It seemed to be a part of the policy to avoid every possible question that might arise concerning religion, in order that men might be the more deeply impressed with the duty of temperance. But this effort to divorce temperance from religion was the chief weakness of the Washingtonian movement. Nevertheless, in spite of this coldness toward Christ and his Church, the actual reform wrought by this means was oftentimes the forerunner of revivals of religion in local churches, and many a man was saved from his other sins through his effort to save himself from drunkenness.

Few names were more familiar to the people of the United States during the early years of the great Washingtonian movement than that of John Hawkins, of Baltimore. He was not one of the original club by which the reform was inaugurated, but joined them soon after, and presently developed such talent for temperance oratory that his services were in demand from Maine to Louisiana. During the eighteen years of his life after his reformation he spoke and organized Washingtonian societies in all the principal cities and towns of New England; and in New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Harrisburgh, Cincinnati, Louisville, Ky., Charleston, S.C., New Orleans, etc.

In his journal, which was published after his death, the record of the number of signers of the total abstinence pledge at a large number of his meetings are given, usually reaching into the hundreds, a considerable portion of them being men whose bloated countenances and trembling nerves showed how much they were in need of this salvation.

At Springfield, Mass., Newport, R.I., Saratoga, N.Y., and Portland, Maine, his efforts were notably blessed; but perhaps his most remarkable triumph was in Boston, then a city of a hundred thousand inhabitants, in which it was declared at one of the Washingtonian Conventions that “four fifths of all the Boston drunkards had signed the temperance pledge.”

The enthusiasm of these Washingtonian meetings was something wonderful. The experiences of men actually reformed from the lowest depths of drunkenness were arguments that nothing could resist, and the presence of such a man before an audience was as if one had risen from the dead. Poor wretches would rise to their feet in the midst of great assemblies, and, with a look of desperation on their bloated faces, would ask,

“Do you think I could reform? Do you think there is any hope for me?”

“Yes, brother. Sign the pledge, and it will make a sober man of you,” would be the reply.

Then, amid the sobs, and “God bless yous!” of his family and friends, the poor drunkard would crowd up to the platform, take the pen in his trembling hand, and sign, the vast congregation holding their breath as they watched him through their tears. Then, with a heavy sigh, the man, with a new hope in him, would, perhaps, try to speak a few words, confessing his own sins, and the sorrows he had brought upon his wife and children — always the same sad story, but always new and touching — and then the older Washingtonians would gather round him, talk encouragingly to him, find out his most pressing necessities and relieve them, and the poor, lost wretch would feel as if he had suddenly been lifted to a mountain top where on the one hand he could look down into the abyss from which he had just been taken, and on the other he could catch a glimpse of the distant glories of the city of God, whose snowy, shining towers he dimly remembered in childhood’s visions, but which he had wholly lost sight of in his long years of degradation, and which he had never again expected to see.

The following, from one of Mr. Hawkins’s addresses at Faneuil Hall, Boston, shows the tone and spirit of that brotherly work:

“When I compare the past with the present, my days of intemperance with my present peace and sobriety, my past degradation with my present position in this hall — the Cradle of Liberty — I am overwhelmed. It seems to me holy ground.

“I never expected to see this hall. I heard of it in my boyhood. ‘Twas here that Otis and the elder Adams argued the principles of independence, and we now meet here to make a second declaration of independence, not quite so lengthy as the old one, but it promises life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Our forefathers pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor; we, too, will pledge our honor and our lives, but our fortunes — they have gone for rum!

“Drunkard! Come up here, you can reform. I met a gentleman this morning who reformed four weeks ago, rejoicing in his reformation; he brought a man with him who took the pledge, and this man brought two others. This is the way we do the business up in Baltimore; we reformed drunkards are a Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union. We are all missionaries. We don’t slight the drunkard; we love him, we nurse him, as a mother does her infant learning to walk.

“I tell you, be kind to those men; they have peculiar feelings when the boys run after them and hoot at them. Don’t lay a stumbling block in the way of such a man; he has better feelings than many a moderate drinker. Go up to him, stretch out your hand to him and say, `How do you do, sir?’

“Just let me tell you about one of our reformed men. We all of us changed a great deal in our appearance; some grew thin, some grew pale, but a certain dark-complexioned man grew yellow; and the old grog-seller noticing the change in the others and seeing this old customer not becoming “white”, declared he did not believe but what he was a hypocrite, still drinking behind the door. One day the two men met, and the taverner said to the teetotaler,

“‘It appears to me you don’t alter quite so much as the rest’

“‘Don’t I? Well, why don’t I?’

“‘Why you don’t grow pale, you only grow yaller.’

“‘Yes,’ said the reformed drunkard, putting his hand in his pocket and pulling out a handful of gold pieces, `these look “yaller”, too, but you don’t get any more of  ’em from me!’

“Go to Baltimore now and see our happy wives and children. Just think of our procession on the 5th of April, when we celebrated our anniversary. Six thousand men, nearly half of them reformed within a year, followed by two thousand boys of all ages, to give assurance to the world that the next generation shall be sober.

“But where were our wives on that occasion? At home, shut up with hungry children in rags, the way they were a year ago? No, no; but in carriages, riding round the streets to see and rejoice over their sober husbands!”

Mr. Hawkins, like the other temperance orators of those days, relied chiefly on the force and value of his own experience before the great crowds that flocked to hear him; but all the time he had new miracles of deliverances to relate, new stories of reformation to tell out of the rich successes that crowned his temperance ministry.

The following, gathered mostly from his published memoirs, is the story of [Hawkins’] life:

“I was born in Baltimore, on the 28th of September, 1797. After some years at the school of the Rev. Mr. Coxe, at the age of fourteen I was apprenticed for eight years to learn the trade of a hatter with a master whose place of business was a regular den of drunkenness. A few days ago I found the old books of my master; there were the names of sixty men upon them, and we could not recollect but one who did not go to a drunkard’s grave.”

When the British made a landing at Baltimore during the war of 1812, young Hawkins borrowed a musket and joined the ranks of the volunteers, exposing himself with all the rashness and abandon of southern youth in the very front of the battle, from which, however, he escaped unhurt. In 1815 he was brought under the influence of divine grace in a revival of religion, united on probation with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for some years was a zealous and useful Sunday-school teacher and Christian worker. But hard times came, employment failed, and in 1818 he went to seek his fortune at the West.

Of these days he says:

“As soon as I was away from paternal care I fell away. All went by the board, and my sufferings commenced. For six months I had no shoes, and only one shirt and one pair of pantaloons. Then I was a vagabond indeed. But I returned, ragged and bloated, to my mother’s home. It was customary in those days to let the young people drink with their parents, but neither they nor I thought of my becoming a miserable drunkard.

“When I got to the edge of my native town I was so ashamed that I waited till the dusk of the evening, and then I crept along to the house of my mother. She dressed me up decently, did not upbraid me, but only said, `John, I am afraid you are bloated!'”

Mr. Hawkins having temporarily reformed, was married on Christmas day, 1822, to Miss Rachel Thompson, of Baltimore, of which marriage two children were born, Elizabeth and Hannah. The latter name will recall to many of the readers of this history a little temperance book of Washingtonian days entitled “Hannah Hawkins; or, the Reformed Drunkard’s Daughter,” a book over which many tears have been shed and many good resolutions made.

“For fifteen years,” continues Mr. H., “I rose and fell, was up and down. I would earn fifteen dollars a week and be well and happy, and with my money in hand would start for home, but in some unaccountable way would fall into a tavern, thinking one glass would do me good. But a single glass would conquer all my resolutions. I appeal to all my fellow-drunkards if it is not exactly so.

“During the first two weeks of June (1840) I drank dreadfully, bought liquor by the gallon and drank and drank. I cannot tell how I suffered; in body every thing, but in mind more!

“By the fourteenth of the month — drunk all the time — I was a wonder to myself, astonished that I had any mind left; and yet it seemed, in the goodness of God, uncommonly clear. My conscience drove me to madness. I hated the darkness of the night, and when morning came I hated the light, I hated myself, hated existence; was about taking my own life. I asked myself, `Can I restrain? Is it possible?’ But there was no one to take me by the hand and say `You can.’ I had a pint of whisky in my room, where I lay in bed, and thought I would drink it, but this seemed to be a turning point with me. I knew it was life or death as I decided to drink it or not.

“My wife came up knowing how I was suffering, and asked me to come down to breakfast. I said I would some presently. Then my daughter, Hannah, came up — my only friend, I always loved her the most — and she said, ‘Father, don’t send me after whisky to-day!’

“I was tormented before; this was agony. I could not stand it, so I told her to leave, and she went down stairs crying, and saying, `Father is angry with me.’ My wife came up again and asked me to take some coffee. I told her I did not want any thing of her and covered myself up in the bed. Pretty soon I heard some one in the room, and, peeping out, I saw it was my daughter.

“`Hannah,’ said I, `I am not angry with you — and — I SHALL NOT DRINK ANY MORE.’ Then we wept together.

“I got up, went to the cupboard, and looked on my enemy, the whisky bottle, and thought, `Is it possible I can be restored?’ Several times while dressing I looked at the bottle, but I thought, `I shall be lost if I yield.’

“Poor drunkard! There is hope for you. You cannot be worse off than I was, not more degraded to more of a slave to appetite. You can return if you will. Try it! TRY IT!

“Well, I went to the society of reformed drunkards, where I found all my old bottle companions. I did not tell any one, not even my wife, that I was going. I had got out of difficulty, but did not know how long I could keep out.

The six founders of [The Washingtonians] were there. We had worked together, got drunk together, we stuck together like brothers; and so we do now that we are sober.

“One of them said, `Here’s Hawkins, the regulator, the old bruiser,’ and they clapped and laughed. But there was no laugh in me; I was too solemn and sober for that. Then they read the pledge:

“`We, whose names are annexed, desirous of forming a society
for our mutual benefit and to guard against a pernicious practice
which is injurious to our health, standing, and families,
do pledge ourselves, as gentlemen, that we will not drink any
spiritous or malt liquors, wine or cider.’

“They all looked over my shoulder to see me write my name. It was a great battle. I never had such feelings before.

“At eleven o’clock I went home. Before when I stayed out late I always went home drunk. My yard is covered with brick, and my wife could easily tell as I walked over it whether I were drunk or sober. She could even tell whether the gate opened drunk or sober.

“Well, this time it opened sober, and when I entered she was astonished. I smiled, and she smiled; and then I told her quick — I could not keep it back; –`I have put my name to the temperance pledge, never to drink as long as I live.’

“It was a happy time. I cried and she cried — we couldn’t help it; the crying woke up my daughter, and she cried too for joy. I slept none that night; my thoughts were better than sleep. Next morning I went to see my mother. She had been praying twenty years for her drunken son. When she heard the good news she said, `It is enough. Now I am ready to die.’

“Now what was I to do? My mind was blunted, my character gone; I was bloated, and getting old; but men who had slighted me came to my help again, took me by the hand, encouraged me, held me up, and comforted me.

“I’ll never slight a drunkard as long as I live; he needs sympathy and is worthy of it. Poor and miserable as he is, he did not design to become a drunkard, and people have too long told him he cannot reform. But now we assure him he can reform, and we show ourselves, the Baltimore Washingtonians, two hundred in one year, as evidence of that fact.

“Drunkard, come up here! You can reform. Take the pledge and be forever free!”

The Washingtonian meetings might have been called temperance class-meetings, with a missionary outlook. One of the first records of the work is a letter to the original Baltimore Washingtonians, asking them to send a delegation of reformed men to New York, “to tell their experience.” Five men were sent, men wholly without oratorical powers, but who had been slaves to drink, and had felt how good it was to be free; and the testimony of these five men was all that was required to kindle the enthusiasm in that great city.

A number of new temperance newspapers sprang into existence. Nineteen such publications are named in Mr. Hawkins’ memoirs, while the regular newspaper press was largely occupied with the strange work of reform among the drunkards and the individual histories that the meetings developed. Some of the ablest speakers and writers of the day, in prose and poetry, devoted their genius to this great moral reform; among them Rev. Mr. Pierpont, of Boston, Wm. B. Tappen, Rev. Edward N. Kirk, D.D., and a large number of other leading clergymen. Dr. Lyman Beecher, in his mature age, saw and rejoiced over this temperance tidal wave, which was a fulfillment of his own prophecy, and a result for which he had well prepared the way.

Mr. Hawkins, toward the close of his brilliant career as a temperance worker, was licensed as a preacher of the Gospel by the Methodist Protestant Church, though he seems to have made little use of his commission.

His death occurred suddenly at Piqua, Pa., August 26, 1858, in the sixty-first year of his age, in the full possession of his mental power, and in the glorious hope of everlasting life.

In 1947, because of the growing interest in AA, the Grapevine editors decided to write a brief definition of the Fellowship. Thus, the AA Preamble was first published in the June 1947 issue. They used portions of the Foreword to the first edition of the Big Book.

The Grapevine had just begun to circulate among non-alcoholics, and the Preamble was intended primarily to describe for them what AA is and is not. It is still often used for public information purposes.

As time passed, it began appearing in all Conference-approved publications, and many groups now use it to open meetings.

The original version was slightly different from what we know today. For example:

1) It stated that the only requirement for membership is an HONEST desire to stop drinking, and 2) it contained only the very brief statement “AA has no dues or fees.”

At the 1958 General Service Conference, a delegate pointed out that the word “honest” does not appear in the Third Tradition, and suggested that it should be deleted from the Preamble. Many delegates felt that as AA had matured, it had become almost impossible to determine what constitutes an honest desire to stop drinking, and also that some who might be interested in the program could be confused by the phrase. The mid-summer 1958 meeting of the General Service Board ratified the deletion, and since then the Preamble has read simply “a desire to stop drinking.”

The phrase “AA has no dues or fees” also was clarified to read as it presently does: “There are no dues or fees for AA membership, we are self-supporting through our own contributions.” The current version of the Preamble appears on the first page of every issue of the Grapevine.

Source: The AA Grapevine Workbook

By Nancy O.

Other AA Preambles

A few months after the Grapevine published the Preamble in June 1947,Ollie L., Dick F., and Searcy W. decided to beef it up for the drunks in Texas. “We worked on it, passed it around, and agreed on this version,” says Searcy W. “It’s now read by groups throughout the state.” It works for Searcy. He’s been sober 54 years.

Texas Preamble:

Alcoholics Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism.

We are gathered here because we are faced with the fact that we are powerless over alcohol, and are unable to do anything about it without the help of a Power greater than ourselves.

We feel each person’s religious convictions, if any, are his own affair, and the simple purpose of the program of AA is to show what may be done to enlist the aid of a Power greater than ourselves, regardless of what our individual conception of that Power may be.

In order to form a habit of depending upon and referring all we do to that Power, we must first apply ourselves with some diligence, but repetition confirms and strengthens this habit, then faith comes naturally.

We have all come to know that as alcoholics we are suffering from a serious disease for which medicine has no cure. Our condition may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol, which makes it impossible for us to drink in moderation. This condition has never, by any treatment with which we are familiar, been permanently cured. The only relief we have to offer is absolute abstinence – a second meaning of AA.

There are no dues or fees. The only requirement is an honest desire to stop drinking. Each member is a person with an acknowledged alcoholic problem who has found the key to abstinence from day to day by adhering to the program of Alcoholics Anonymous. The moment he resumes drinking he loses all status as a member of AA. His reinstatement is automatic, however, when he again fulfills the sole requirement for membership – an honest desire to quit drinking.

Not being reformers we offer our experience only to those who want it. AA is not interested in sobering up drunks who are seeking only temporary sobriety. We have a way out on which we can absolutely agree and in which we join in harmonious action. Rarely have we seen a person fail who has thoroughly followed our path. Those who do not recover are those who will not or cannot lend themselves to this simple program– usually men and women who are incapable of being honest with themselves. You may like this Program or you many not, but the fact remains that is works.. and we believe it is our only chance to recover.

There is a vast amount of fun included in the AA fellowship. Some people may be shocked at our apparent worldliness and levity, but just underneath there is a deadly earnestness and a full realization that we must put first things firs. With each of us the first thing is our alcoholic problem. Faith must work twenty-four hours a day in and through us, or we perish.

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We are gathered here because we are faced with the fact that we are powerless over alcohol and unable to do anything about it without the help of a Power greater than ourselves. We feel that each person’s religious views, if any, are his own affair. The simple purpose of the program of Alcoholics Anonymous is to show what may be done to enlist the aid of a Power greater than ourselves, regardless of what our individual conception of that Power may be.

In order to form a habit of depending upon and referring all we do to that Power, we must at first apply ourselves with some diligence. By often repeating these acts, they become habitual and the help rendered becomes natural to us.

We have all come to know that as alcoholics we are suffering from a serious illness for which medicine has no cure. Our condition may be the result of an allergy which makes us different from other people. It has never been by any treatment with which we are familiar, permanently cured. The only relief we have to offer is absolute abstinence, the second meaning of A.A.

There are no dues or fees. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop drinking. Each member squares his debt by helping others to recover.

An Alcoholics Anonymous is an alcoholic who through application and adherence to the A.A. program has forsworn the use of any and all alcoholic beverage in any form. The moment he takes so much as one drop of beer, wine, spirits or any other alcoholic beverage he automatically loses all status as a member of Alcoholics Anonymous. A.A. is not interested in sobering up drunks who are not sincere in their desire to remain sober for all time. Not being reformers, we offer our experience only to those who want it.

We have a way out on which we can absolutely agree and on which we can join in harmonious action. Rarely have we seen a person fail who has thoroughly followed our program. Those who do not recover are people who will not or simply cannot give themselves to this simple program. Now you may like this program or you may not, but the fact remains, it works. It is our only chance to recover.

There is a vast amount of fun in the A.A. fellowship. Some people might be shocked at our seeming worldliness and levity but just underneath there lies a deadly earnestness and a full realization that we must put first things first and with each of us the first thing is our alcoholic problem. To drink is to die. Faith must work twenty-four hours a day in
and through us or we perish.

In order to set our tone for this meeting I ask that we bow our heads in a few moments of silent prayer and meditation.

I wish to remind you that whatever is said at this meeting expresses our own individual opinion as of today and as of up to this moment. We do not speak for A.A. as a whole and you are free to agree or disagree as you see fit, in fact, it is suggested that you pay no attention to anything which might not be reconciled with what is in the A.A. Big Book.

If you don’t have a Big Book, it’s time you bought you one. Read it, study it, live with it, loan it, scatter it, and then learn from it what it means to be an A.A.

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The Wilmington Preamble has long been surrounded by controversy and discussion of such has sparked many a debate almost from its inception in the early years of Alcoholics Anonymous. The history of our fellowship has mostly been passed from member to member over the expanse of many years; member whose very disease has a tendency to distort one’s memory. Inaccuracies may prevail. The following is in no way an attempt to dispel those controversies, but an effort to establish an accurate history of the birth of the Wilmington Preamble and to keep it’s true history alive for the enlightenment of future generations. Documentable corrections are welcomed.

The Wilmington Preamble’s birth ties in with one of Wilmington’s earliest members, Shoes L. Shoes joined the Wilmington Group and got sober in May of 1944.The following month in June, Shoes was Chairman of the group and in charge of getting speakers for their meetings. There was at this time a sportswriter in town covering the horseraces at Delaware Park. His name was Mickey M. and Shoes asked him to speak at the group’s meeting. Mickey replied that he wasn’t much of a speaker but that he would write something appropriate. He reportedly went back to his room at the Hotel Dupont and wrote the Wilmington Preamble as we know it and it was read the following Friday night.

Being a sportswriter, Mickey M. covered events in other towns, and while in Baltimore covering the races at Pimlico gave the same preamble to the Baltimore Group which they also adopted as their own. Where it was actually read first is the subject of many debates but one fact remains clear, that this “Preamble” was widely accepted in Maryland and Delaware long before World Service sanctioned the shorter A.A. Preamble that is more universally accepted today.

The Wilmington AA Preamble:

We of Alcoholics Anonymous are a group of persons for whom alcohol has become a major problem. We have banded together in a sincere effort to help ourselves and other problem drinkers recover health and maintain sobriety.

Definitions of alcoholics are many and varied. For brevity we think of an alcoholic as one whose life has become unmanageable to any degree due to the use of alcohol.

We believe that the alcoholic is suffering from a disease for which no cure has yet been found. We profess no curative powers but have formulated a plan to arrest alcoholism.

From the vast experience of our many members we have learned that successful membership demands total abstinence. Attempts at controlled drinking by the alcoholic inevitably fail.

Membership requirements demand only a sincere desire on the part of the applicant to maintain total abstinence.

There are no dues of fees in A.A.; no salaried officers. Money necessary for operating expenses is secured by voluntary contributions.

Alcoholics Anonymous does not perform miracles, believing that such powers rests only in God.

We adhere to no particular creed or religion. We do believe, however, that an appeal for help to one’s own interpretation of a higher power, or God, is indispensable to a satisfactory adjustment to life’s problems.

Alcoholics Anonymous is not a prohibition or temperance movement in any sense of the word. We have no criticism of the controlled drinker. We are concerned only with the alcoholic.

We attempt to follow a program of recovery which has for its chief objectives: Sobriety for ourselves; help for other alcoholics who desire it; amends for past wrongs; humility; honesty; tolerance; and spiritual growth.

We welcome and appreciate the cooperation of the medical profession and the help of the clergy.

Charles Towns, owner of Towns’ Hospital where Bill Wilson had sobered up, tried to get publicity for A.A. and finally succeeded. He had known Morris Markey, a well-known feature writer, for years. Markey was intrigued by what Towns told him of A.A., and approached Fulton Oursler, then editor of “Liberty,” a popular magazine that had a religious orientation.

Oursler saw the possibilities at once and said, “Morris, you’ve got an assignment. Bring that story in here, and we will print it in September.” (Oursler later wrote a number of successful books on religion. He became a good friend of Bill’s and served as a trustee of the Alcoholic Foundation.)

In September 1939, when the “Liberty” piece hit the newsstands, Bill thought it was a bit lurid, and that the title, “Alcoholics and God,” would scare off some prospects. Perhaps it did, but “Liberty” received 800 urgent pleas for help, which were promptly turned over to Bill Wilson who turned them over to Ruth Hock for a response.

“She wrote fine personal letters to every one of them,” wrote Bill, “enclosing a leaflet which described the A.A. book. The response was wonderful. Several hundred books sold at once at full retail price of $3.50. Even more importantly, we struck up a correspondence with alcoholics, their friends, and their families all over the country.”

When Dr. Bob read the story he was elated. “You never saw such an elated person in your life,” said Ernie G. the second (there were two Ernie G’s). “We all were,” said Ernie’s wife, Ruth.

Anne smith said, “You know, it looks like we might be getting a little bit respectable.”

It was AA’s first successful piece of national publicity. The stories in the Cleveland Plain Dealer followed shortly hereafter.

One result of the article was that A.A. was started in Philadelphia. George S. of Philadelphia, one of the first “loners” had sobered up after reading the article.” When the issue of Liberty first arrived, George was in bed drinking whiskey for his depression and taking laudanum for his colitis. The Markey piece hit George so hard that he went ex-grog and ex-laudanum instantly.

He wrote to New York, his name was given to Jim Burwell (see “The Vicious Cycle” in the Big Book), who was a traveling salesman, “and that’s how A.A. started in the City of Brotherly Love,” wrote Bill. Jim and George gathered others to them, and the first A.A. meeting in Philadelphia was held in George’s home.

Chicago also reported getting several new prospects as a result of the “Liberty” article. Bill wrote to Dr. Bob, “We are growing at an alarming rate, although I have no further fear of large numbers.” A few weeks later he wrote Dr. Bob that “the press of newcomers and inquiries was so great that we have to swing more to the take-it-or-leave-it attitude, which, curiously enough, produces better results than trying to be all things at all times at all places to all men.”

(Sources: Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age. Bill W., by Francis Hartigan. Bill W., by Robert Thomsen. The Language of the Heart, Bill W.’s Grapevine Writings. Dr. Bob and the Good Oldtimers.)

“Alcoholics and God”

Is there hope for habitual drunkards?

A cure that borders on the miraculous — and it works!

For twenty-five or thirty cents we buy a glass of fluid which is pleasant to the taste, and which contains within its small measure a store of warmth and good-fellowship and stimulation, of release from momentary cares and anxieties. That would be a drink of whisky, of course — whisky, which is one of Nature’s most generous gifts to man, and at the same time one of his most elusive problems. It is a problem because, like many of his greatest benefits, man does not quite know how to control it. Many experiments have been made, the most spectacular being the queer nightmare of prohibition, which left such deep scars upon the morals and the manners of our nation. Millions of dollars have been spent by philanthropists and crusaders to spread the doctrine of temperance. In our time the most responsible of the distillers are urging us to use their wares sensibly, without excess.

But to a certain limited number of our countrymen neither prohibition nor wise admonishments have any meaning, because they are helpless when it comes to obeying them. I speak of the true alcoholics, and before going any further I had best explain what that term means.

For a medical definition of the term, I quote an eminent doctor who, has spent twenty-five years treating such people in a highly regarded private hospital: “We believe . . . that the action of alcohol in chronic alcoholics is a manifestation of an allergy-that the phenomenon of craving is limited to this class and never occurs in the average temperate drinker. These allergic types can never safely use alcohol in any form at all.”

They are, he goes on, touched with physical and mental quirks that prevent them from controlling their own actions. They suffer from what some doctors call a “compulsion neurosis.” They know liquor is bad for them but periodically; they are driven by a violent and totally uncontrollable desire for a drink. And after that first drink, the deluge.

Now these people are genuinely sick. The liquor habit with them is not a vice. It is a specific illness of body and mind, and should be treated as such.

By far the most successful cure is that used by the hospital whose head doctor I have quoted. There is nothing secret about it. It has the endorsement of the medical profession. It is, fundamentally, a process of dehydration: of removing harmful toxins from all parts of the body faster than Nature could accomplish it. Within five or six days — two weeks at the maximum — the patient’s body is utterly free from alcoholic poisons. Which means that the physical craving is completely cured, because the body cries out for alcohol only when alcohol is already there. The patient has no feeling of revulsion toward whisky. He simply is not interested in it. He has recovered. But wait. How permanent is his recovery?

Our doctor says this: ” Though the aggregate of full recoveries through physical and psychiatric effort its considerable, we doctors must admit that we have made little impression upon the problem as a whole. For there are many types which do not respond to the psychological approach.

“I do not believe that true alcoholism is entirely a matter of individual mental control. I have had many men who had, for example, worked for a period of months on some business deal that was to be settled on a certain date…. For reasons they could not afterward explain, they took a drink a day or two prior to the date . . . and the important engagement was not even kept. These men were not drinking to escape. They were drinking to overcome a craving beyond their mental control.

“The classification of alcoholics is most difficult. There are, of course, the psychopaths who are emotionally unstable…. They are over remorseful and make many resolutions — but never a decision.

“There is the type who is unwilling to admit that he cannot take a drink just like the rest of the boys. He does tricks with his drinking — changing his brand, or drinking only after meals or changing his companions. None of this helps him strengthen his control and be like other people. Then there are types entirely normal in every respect except in the effect which alcohol has upon them . . .

“All these, and many others, have one symptom in common: They cannot start drinking without developing the phenomenon of craving…. The only relief we have to suggest is complete abstinence from alcohol.

“But are these unfortunate people really capable, mentally, of abstaining completely? Their bodies may be cured of craving. Can their minds be cured? Can they be rid of the deadly compulsion neurosis?”

Among physicians the general opinion seems to be that chronic alcoholics are doomed. But wait! Within the last four years, evidence has appeared which has startled hard-boiled medical men by proving that the compulsion neurosis can be entirely eliminated. Perhaps you are one of those cynical people who will turn away when I say that the root of this new discovery is religion. But be patient for a moment. About three years ago a man appeared at the hospital in New York of which our doctor is head physician. It was his third “cure.” Since his first visit he had lost his job, his friends, his health, and his self-respect. He was now living on the earnings of his wife.

He had tried every method he could find to cure his disease: had read all the great philosophers and psychologists. He had tried religion but he simply could not accept it. It would not seem real and personal to him.

He went through the cure as usual and came out of it in very low spirits. He was lying in bed, emptied of vitality and thought, when suddenly, a strange and totally unexpected thrill went through his body and mind. He called out for the doctor. When the doctor came in, the man looked up at him and grinned.

“Well, doc,” he said, “my troubles are all over. I’ve got religion.”

“Why, you’re the last man . . .”

“Sure, I know all that. But I’ve got it. And I know I’m cured of this drinking business for good.” He talked with great intensity for a while and then said, ” Listen, doc. I’ve got to see some other patient — one that is about to be dismissed.”

The doctor demurred. It all sounded a trifle fanatical. But finally he consented. And thus was born the movement which is now flourishing with almost sensational success as Alcoholics Anonymous.”

Here is how it works:

Every member of the group — which is to say every person who has been saved — is under obligation to carry on the work, to save other men.

That, indeed, is a fundamental part of his own mental cure. He gains strength and confidence by active work with other victims.

He finds his subject among acquaintances, at a “cure” institution or perhaps by making inquiry of a preacher, a priest, or a doctor. He begins his talk with his new acquaintance by telling him the true nature of his disease and how remote are his chances for permanent cure.

When he has convinced the man that he is a true alcoholic and must never drink again, he continues:

“You had better admit that this thing is beyond your own control. You’ve tried to solve it by yourself, and you have failed. All right. Why not put the whole thing into the hands of Somebody Else?”

Even though the man might be an atheist or agnostic, he will almost always admit that there is some sort of force operating in the world-some cosmic power weaving a design. And his new friend will say:

“I don’t care what you call this Somebody Else. We call it God. But whatever you want to call it, you had better put yourself into its hands. Just admit you’re licked, and say, `Here I am, Somebody Else. Take care of this thing for me.'”

The new subject will generally consent to attend one of the weekly meetings of the movement.

He will find twenty-five or thirty ex-drunks gathered in somebody’s home for a pleasant evening. There are no sermons. The talk is gay or serious as the mood strikes. The new candidate cannot avoid saying to himself, “These birds are ex-drunks. And look at them! They must have something. It sounds kind of screwy, but whatever it is I wish to heaven I could get it too.”

One or another of the members keeps working on him from day to day. And presently the miracle. But let me give you an example: I sat down in a quiet room with Mr. B., a stockily built man of fifty with a rather stern, intelligent face.

“I’ll tell you what happened a year ago.” He said, “I was completely washed up. Financially I was all right, because my money is in a trust fund. But I was a drunken bum of the worst sort. My family was almost crazy with my incessant sprees.”

“I took the cure in New York.” (At the hospital we have mentioned.)

“When I came out of it, the doctor suggested I go to one of these meetings the boys were holding. I just laughed. My father was an atheist and had taught me to be one. But the doctor kept saying it wouldn’t do me any harm, and I went.

“I sat around listening to the jabber. It didn’t register with me at all. I went home. But the next week I found myself drawn to the meeting. And again they worked on me while I shook my head. I said, ‘It seems O.K. with you; boys, but I don’t even know your language. Count me out.’

“Somebody said the Lord’s Prayer, and the meeting broke up. I walked three blocks to the subway station. Just as I was about to go down the stairs-bang!” He snapped fingers hard. “It happened! I don’t like that word miracle, but that’s all I can call it. The lights in the street seemed to flare up. My feet seemed to leave the pavement. A kind of shiver went over me, and I burst out crying.

“I went back to the house where we had met, and rang the bell, and Bill let me in. We talked until two o’clock in the morning. I haven’t touched a drop since, and I’ve set four other fellows on the same road.”

The doctor, a nonreligious man himself, was at first utterly astonished at the results that began to appear among his patients. But then he put his knowledge of psychiatry and psychology to work. These men were experiencing a psychic change. Their so-called “compulsion neurosis” was being altered — transferred from liquor to something else. Their psychological necessity to drink was being changed to a psychological necessity to rescue their fellow victims from the plight that made themselves so miserable. It is not a new idea. It is a powerful and effective working out of an old idea. We all know that the alcoholic has an urge to share his troubles. Psychoanalysts use this urge. They say to the alcoholic, in basic terms: “You can’t lick this problem yourself. Give me the problem — transfer the whole thing to me and let me take the whole responsibility.”

But the psychoanalyst, being of human clay, is not often a big enough man for that job. The patient simply cannot generate enough confidence in him. But the patient can have enough confidence in God — once he has gone through the mystical experience of recognizing God. And upon that principle the Alcoholic Foundation rests. The medical profession, in general, accepts the principle as sound.

“Alcoholics Anonymous” have consolidated their activities in an organization called the Alcoholic Foundation. It is a nonprofit-making enterprise. Nobody connected with it is paid a penny. It is not a crusading movement. It condemns neither liquor nor the liquor industry. Its whole concern is with the rescue of allergic alcoholics, the small proportion of the population who must be cured or perish. It preaches no particular religion and has no dogma, no rules. Every man conceives God according to his own lights.

Groups have grown up in other cities. The affairs of the Foundation are managed by three members of the movement and four prominent business and professional men, not alcoholics, who volunteered their services.

The Foundation has lately published a book, called Alcoholics Anonymous. And if alcoholism is a problem in your family or among your friends, I heartily recommend that you get hold of a copy. It may very well help you to guide a sick man — an allergic alcoholic — on the way to health and contentment.

THE END

For those of you who don’t know, Henrietta Seiberling is the lady who introduced Bill Wilson to Dr. Bob Smith…

May, 1972

In the spring of 1971, the newspapers reported the passing of Bill Wilson of New York City, who as one of the two co-founders of Alcoholics Anonymous. The other co-founder, Dr Robert Smith of Akron, Ohio, has passed on some years earlier. Shortly after Bill’s death, the Akron Alcoholics groups asked my mother Henrietta Seiberling, to speak at the annual “Founders Day” meeting in Akron, which is attended by members of Alcoholics Anonymous from all over the world. She lives in New York and did not feel up to traveling, so they asked me to speak in her place. I agreed to speak but felt that it would mean most to them to hear some of her own words, so I called her on the telephone and asked her to tell me about the origins of Alcoholics Anonymous so that I could make sure my remarks were accurate. I made a tape recording of the conversation and played part of it at the 1971 Founders Day meeting, which was held in the gymnasium at the University of Akron with a couple of thousand people present. So many people have asked for a transcript of the recording that I have finally had one typed. Attached is a copy of the transcript, which follows the tape recording as closely as possible, with only my own remarks and some of the conversational asides and redundancies edited out. The first meeting of Bob and Bill, described in the attached transcript, took place in the summer of 1935 in Henrietta’s house in Akron, which was the Gatehouse of Stan Hywet Hall, then my family’s estate, now the property of Stan Hywet Hall Foundation. Henrietta was not an alcoholic. She was a Vasser college graduate and a housewife with three teenage children. She, like Bob and Bill, would be deeply disturbed by any inference that she or they possessed any extraordinary virtues or talents. On the contrary, they would all emphasize the power of ordinary people to change their lives and the lives of others through the kind of spiritual discipline so successfully exemplified in Alcoholics Anonymous. I am happy to make this transcript available to persons who are sincerely interested in learning more about Alcoholics Anonymous and its message. It is a way of sharing some of the insight’s which made and still make Alcoholics Anonymous a vital force in people’s lives. I ask only that the transcript be held in the spirit in which it is offered and not used for publicity or in an effort to magnify any individual.

John F. Seiberling

Transcript Of Remarks

Henrietta B. Seiberling

I would like to tell about Bob in the beginning. Bob and Ann came into the Oxford Group, which, as you know, was the movement which tried to recapture the power of first Century Christianity in the modern world, and a quality of life which we must always exercise. Someone spoke to me about Bob Smith’s drinking. He didn’t think that people knew it. And I decided that the people who shared in the Oxford group had never shared very costly things to make Bob lose his pride and share what he thought would cost him a great deal. So I decided to gather together some Oxford Group people for a meeting, and that was in T. Henry Williams’ house. We met afterwards there for five or six years every Wednesday night.

I warned Ann that I was going to have this meeting. I didn’t tell her it was for Bob, but I said, “Come prepared to mean business. There is going to be no pussyfooting around. And we all shared very deeply our shortcomings, and what we had victory over, and then there was silence, and I waited and thought, “Will Bob say something?” Sure enough, in that deep, serious tone of his, he said, “Well, you good people have all shared things that I am sure were very costly to you, and I am going to tell you something which may cost me my profession. I am a silent drinker, and I can’t stop.” This was weeks before Bill came to Akron. So we said, “Do you want to go down on your knees and pray?” And he said, “Yes.” So we did.

And the next morning, I, who knew nothing about alcoholism (I thought a person should drink like a gentleman, and that’s all), was saying a prayer for Bob. I said, “God, I don’t know anything about drinking, but I told Bob That I was sure that he lived this way of life, he could quit drinking. Now you have to help me.” Something said To me – I call it “guidance” – it was like a voice in the top of my head – “Bob must not touch one drop of Alcohol.” I knew that wasn’t my thought. So I called Bob, and said I had guidance for him – and this is very important.

He came over at 10 in the morning, and I told him that my guidance was that he mustn’t touch one drop of alcohol. He was very disappointed, because he thought guidance would mean seeing somebody or going someplace. And then – this is something very relevant – he said, “Henrietta, I don’t understand it. Nobody understands it.” Now that was the state of the world when we were beginning. He said, “Some doctor had written a book about it, but he doesn’t understand it. I don’t like the stuff. I don’t want to drink.” I said, “Well, Bob, that is what I have been guided about.” And that was the beginning of our meetings, long before Bill ever came.

Now let me recall some of Bills very words about his experience. Bill, when he was in a hotel in Akron and down to a few dollars and owed his bill after his business venture fell through, looked at the cocktail room and was tempted and thought, “Well, I’ll just go in there and get drunk and forget it all, and that will be the end of it.” Instead, having been sober five months in the Oxford Group, he said a prayer. He got the guidance to look in a ministers directory, and a strange thing happened.

He just looked in there, and he put his finger on one name: Tunks. And that was no coincidence, because Dr. Tunks was Mr. Harvey Firestone’s minister, and Mr. Firestone had brought 60 of the Oxford Group people down there for 10 days out of gratitude for helping his son, who drank too much. His son had quit for a year and a half or so. Out of the act of gratitude of this one father, this whole chain started.

So Bill called Dr. Tunks, and Dr. Tunks gave him a list of names. One of them was Norman Sheppard, who was a close friend of mine and knew what I was trying to do for Bob. Norman said, “I have to go to New York tonight but you can call Henrietta Seiberling, “When he told the story, Bill shortened it by just saying that he called Dr. Tunks, but I did not know Dr. Tunks. Bill said that he had his last nickel, and he thought, “Well, I’ll call her.”

So I, who was desperate to help bob in something I didn’t know much about, was ready. Bill called, and I will never forget what he said: “I’m from the Oxford Group and I’m a Rum Hound.” Those were his words. I thought, “This is really manna from Heaven.” And I said, “You come right out here.” And my thought was to put those two men together. Bill, looking back, thought he was out to help someone else. Actually, he was out to get help for himself, no thought of helping anyone else, because he was desperate. But that is the way that God helps us if we let God direct our lives. And so he came out to my house, and he stayed for dinner. And I told him to come to church with me next morning and I would get Bob, which I did.

Bill stayed in Akron. He didn’t have nay money. There was a neighbor of mine, John Gammeter, who had seen the change in my life brought by the Oxford Group, and I called him and asked him to put Bill up at the country club for two weeks or so, just to keep him in town. After that, Bill went to stay with bob and Ann for three months, and we started working on Bill Dotson and Ernie Galbraith.

The need was there, and all of the necessary elements were furnished by God. Bill the promoter, and I, not being an alcoholic, for perspective. Every Wednesday night I would speak on some new experience or spiritual idea I had read. That’s the way we all grew. Eventually the meetings moved to King School. Some man from Hollywood came, and actor, and he said that he had been all over the country and that there was something in the King School group that wasn’t in any other group. I think it was our great stress and reliance on guidance and quiet times.

Bill did a grand job. We can all see in his life what the Oxford Group people had told us in their message: That if we turn our lives to God and let him run it, he will take our shortcomings and make them valuable in His way and give us our hearts desire. And when I got the word that bill had gone on, I sat there, and it was just as if someone had spoken to me again on top of my head. Something said to me, “Verily, verily, he as received his reward.” So I went to the Bible, and there it was, in Matthew VI. Then I looked at Bill’s story in Alcoholics Anonymous where Bill had said that all his failures were because he always wanted people to think he was somebody. In the first edition of the book, he said he always wanted to make his mark among people. And by letting God run his life, God took his ego and gave him his hearts desire in God’s way. And when he was gone, he was on the front page of the New York Times, famous all over the world. So it does verify what the Oxford Group people had told him.

Father Dowling, a Jesuit Priest, had first met our group in the early days in Chicago, and he came to Akron to see us. And then he went on to New York to see the others. And he said to one of four men, “This is one of the most beautiful things that has come into the world. But I want to warn you that the devil will try to destroy it.” Of course, it’s true, and one of the first things that the devil could have used was having money, and having sanatoriums’ as the men were planning. Much to Bob’s and Bill’s and Ann’s surprise, I said, ” No, we’ll never take any money.”

Another way where I saw that the devil could try to destroy us was having prominent names. The other night I heard on TV special about alcoholics, a man explaining why they are anonymous. And he showed that he didn’t really know why. He just said that it wouldn’t do to let people know that you were an alcoholic. That’ s not the reason. In fact, the surest way to stay sober is to let people know that you are an alcoholic because then you have lost something of yourself. I would say that the second way that I saw that the devil would be trying to destroy us was to have any names. Those you think that they are prominent or that they have become leaders, all fail people because no one is on top spiritually all the time. So I said, “We’ll never have any names.”

I feel that the whole wonderful experience of Alcoholics Anonymous came in answer to a growing great need in the world, and this was met by the combination of Bill, who was a catalyst and promoter, and Bob, with his great humility (if you spoke to him about his contribution, he’d say, “Oh, I just work here.) and Ann, who supplied a honeyness for our men in the beginning.

And I tried to give to the people something of my experience and faith. What I was most concerned with is that we always go back to faith. This brings me to the third thing that would be destructive to the early days, bob and Bill said to me. “Henrietta, I don’t think we should talk too much about religion or God.” I said to them, “Well, we’re not out to please the alcoholics. They have been pleasing themselves all there years. We are out to please God. And if you don’t talk about what God does, and your faith, and your guidance, then you might as well be the Rotary Club or something like that. Because God is your only source of power.” And finally they agreed. And they weren’t afraid any more. It is my great hope that they will never be afraid to acknowledge God and what he has done for them.

The last AA dinner that I went to, over 3,000 people were there. And it was the first meeting that I went to which I was disappointed in. There were two witnesses there, a man and a woman, and you would have thought they were giving you a description of a psychiatrist’s work on them. Their progress was always on the level of psychology. And I spoke to Bill afterwards and I said that there was no spirituality there or talk of what God had done in their lives. There were giving views, not news of that God had done. And Bill said, “I know, but they think there were so many people that need this and they don’t want to send them away.” So there again has come up this same old bugaboo – without the realization that they have lost their source of power.

This makes me think of the story of the little Scotch minister who was about to preach his first sermon, and his mother hugged him and said, “Now, Bobbie, don’t forgot to say a word for Jesus.” Your mother always wants a word for God.

And then there is one other thought I’d always like to stress, and that is the real fact of God’s guidance. People can always count on guidance, although it seems elusive at times.

 

Congress of the United States

House of Representatives September 11, 1973

At the request of my mother, Henrietta Seibeling,

I am sending to you the attached transcript of remarks on Alcoholics Anonymous.

Sincerely,

John F. Seiberling

Member of Congress

by Clarence Snyder

This is the first pamphlet ever written concerning sponsorship. It was written by Clarence H. Snyder in early 1944. Its original title was to be “A.A. Sponsorship…Its Obligations and Its Responsibilities.” It was printed by the Cleveland Central Committee under the title: “A.A. Sponsorship… Its Opportunities and Its Responsibilities.”

PREFACE

Each member of Alcoholics Anonymous is a potential sponsor of a new member and should clearly recognize the obligations and duties of such responsibility.

The acceptance of an opportunity to take the A.A. plan to a sufferer of alcoholism entails very real and critically important responsibilities. Each member, undertaking the sponsorship of a fellow alcoholic, must remember that he is offering what is frequently the last chance of rehabilitation, sanity or maybe life itself.

Happiness, Health, Security, Sanity and Life of human beings are the things we hold in balance when we sponsor an alcoholic.

No member among us is wise enough to develop a sponsorship program that can be successfully applied in every case. In the following pages, however, we have outlined a suggested procedure, which supplemented by the member’s own experience, has proven successful.

PERSONAL GAINS OF BEING A SPONSOR

No one reaps full benefit from any fellowship he is connected with unless he whole-heartedly engages in its important activities. The expansion of Alcoholics Anonymous to wider fields of greater benefit to more people results directly from the addition of new, worth-while members or associates.

Any A.A. who has not experienced the joys and satisfaction of helping another alcoholic regain his place in life has not yet fully realized the complete benefits of this fellowship. On the other hand, it must be clearly kept in mind that the only possible reason for bringing an alcoholic into A.A. is for that person’s gain. Sponsorship should never be undertaken to –

1. Increase the size of the group
   2. For personal satisfaction and glory
   3. Because the sponsor feels it his duty to re-make the world

Until an individual has assumed the responsibility of setting a shaking, helpless human being back on the path toward becoming a healthy useful, happy member of society, he has not enjoyed the complete thrill of being an A.A.

SOURCE OF NAMES

Most people have among their own friends and acquaintances someone who would benefit from our teachings. Others have names given to them by their church, by their doctor, by their employer, or by some other member, who cannot make a direct contact.

Because of the wide range of the A.A. activities, the names often come from unusual and unexpected places.

These cases should be contacted as soon as all facts such as: marital status, domestic relations, financial status, drink habits, employment status and others readily obtainable are at hand.

IS THE PROSPECT A CANDIDATE?

Much time and effort can be saved by learning as soon as possible if –

1.The man* really has a drinking problem?
2. Does he know he has a problem?
3. Does he want to do something about his drinking?
4. Does he want help?

*The masculine form is used throughout for simplicity, although it is intended to include women as well.

Sometimes the answers to these questions cannot be made until the prospect has had some A.A. instruction, and an opportunity to think. Often we are given names, which upon investigation, show the prospect is in no sense an alcoholic, or is satisfied with his present plan of living. We should not hesitate to drop these names from our lists. Be sure, however, to let the man know where he can reach us at a later date.

WHO SHOULD BECOME MEMBERS?

A.A. is a fellowship of men and women bound together by their inability to use alcohol in any form sensibly, or with profit or pleasure. Obviously, any new members introduced should be the same kind of people, suffering from the same disease.

Most people can drink reasonably, but we are only interested in those who cannot. Party drinkers, social drinkers, celebrators, and others who continue to have more pleasure than pain from their drinking, are of no interest to us.

In some instances an individual might believe himself to be a social drinker when he definitely is an alcoholic. In many such cases more time must pass before that person is ready to accept our program. Rushing such a man before he is ready might ruin his chances of ever becoming a successful A.A.. Do not ever deny future help by pushing too hard in the beginning.

Some people, although definitely alcoholic, have no desire or ambition to better their way of living, and until they do…….. A.A. has nothing to offer them.

Experience has shown that age, intelligence, education, background, or the amount of liquor drunk, has little, if any, bearing on whether or not the person is an alcoholic.

PRESENTING THE PLAN

In many cases a man’s physical condition is such that he should be placed in a hospital, if at all possible. Many A.A. members believe hospitalization, with ample time for the prospect to think and plan his future, free from domestic and business worries, offers distinct advantage. In many cases the hospitalization period marks the beginning of a new life. Other members are equally confident that any man who desires to learn the A.A. plan for living can do it in his own home or while engaged in normal occupation. Thousands of cases are treated in each manner and have proved satisfactory.

SUGGESTED STEPS*

The following paragraphs outline a suggested procedure for presenting the A.A. plan to the prospect, at home or in the hospital.

QUALIFY AS AN ALCOHOLIC*

1. In calling upon a new prospect, it has been found best to qualify oneself as an ordinary person who has found happiness, contentment, and peace of mind through A.A. Immediately make it clear to the prospect that you are a person engaged in the routine business of earning a living. Tell him your only reason for believing yourself able to help him is because you yourself are an alcoholic and have had experiences and problems that might be similar to his.

TELL YOUR STORY*

2. Many members have found it desirable to launch immediately into their personal drinking story, as a means of getting the confidence and whole-hearted co-operation of the prospect.

It is important in telling the story of your drinking life to tell it in a manner that will describe an alcoholic, rather than a series of humorous drunken parties. this will enable the man to get a clear picture of an alcoholic which should help him to more definitely decide whether he is an alcoholic.

INSPIRE CONFIDENCE IN A.A.*

3. In many instances the prospect will have tried various means of controlling his drinking, including hobbies, church, changes of residence, change of associations, and various control plans. These will, of course, have been unsuccessful. Point out your series of unsuccessful efforts to control drinking…their absolute fruitless results and yet that you were able to stop drinking through application of A.A. principles. This will encourage the prospect to look forward with confidence to sobriety in A.A. in spite of the many past failures he might have had with other plans.

TALK ABOUT “PLUS” VALUES*

4. Tell the prospect frankly that he can not quickly understand all the benefits that are coming to him through A.A.. Tell him of the happiness, peace of mind, health, and in many cases, material benefits which are possible through understanding and application of the A.A. way of life.

SHOW IMPORTANCE OF READING BOOK*

5. Explain the necessity of reading and re-reading the A.A. book. Point out that this book gives a detailed description of the A.A. tools and the suggested methods of application of these tools to build a foundation of rehabilitation for living. This is a good time to emphasize the importance of the twelve steps and the four absolutes.

QUALITIES REQUIRED FOR SUCCESS IN A.A.*

6. Convey to the prospect that the objectives of A.A. are to provide the ways and means for an alcoholic to regain his normal place in life. Desire, patience, faith, study and application are most important in determining each individual’s plan of action in gaining full benefits of A.A.

INTRODUCE FAITH*

7. Since the belief of a Power greater than oneself is the heart of the A.A. plan, and since this idea is very often difficult for a new man, the sponsor should attempt to introduce the beginnings of an understanding of this all-important feature.

Frequently this can be done by the sponsor relating his own difficulty in grasping a spiritual understanding and the methods he used to overcome his difficulties.

LISTEN TO HIS STORY*

8. While talking to the newcomer, take time to listen and study his reactions in order that you can present your information in a more effective manner. Let him talk too. Remember…Easy Does It.

TAKE TO SEVERAL MEETINGS*

9. To give the new member a broad and complete picture of A.A., the sponsor should take him to various meetings within convenient distance of his home. Attending several meetings gives a new man a chance to select a group in which he will be most happy and comfortable, and it is extremely important to let the prospect make his own decision as to which group he will join. Impress upon him that he is always welcome at any meeting and can change his home group if he so wishes.

EXPLAIN A.A. TO PROSPECT’S FAMILY*

10. A successful sponsor takes pains and makes any required effort to make certain that those people closest and with the greatest interest in their prospect (mother, father, wife, etc.) are fully informed of A.A., its principles and its objectives. The sponsor sees that these people are invited to meetings, and keeps them in touch with the current situation regarding the prospect at all times.

HELP PROSPECT ANTICIPATE HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE*

11. A prospect will gain more benefit from a hospitalization period if the sponsor describes the experience and helps him anticipate it, paving the way for those members who will call on him.

CONSULT OLDER MEMBERS IN A.A.*

These suggestions for sponsoring a new man in A.A. teachings are by no means complete. They are intended only for a framework and general guide. Each individual case is different and should be treated as such. Additional information for sponsoring a new man can be obtained from the experience of older men in the work. A co-sponsor, with an experienced and newer member working on a prospect, has proven very satisfactory. Before undertaking the responsibility of sponsoring, a member should make certain that he is able and prepared to give the time, effort, and thought such an obligation entails. It might be that he will want to select a co-sponsor to share the responsibility, or he might feel it necessary to ask another to assume the responsibility for the man he has located.

IF YOU ARE GOING TO BE A SPONSOR…BE A GOOD ONE!

(* These headings were not in the original draft for this pamphlet. They were added for the first, and subsequent printings.)

1877 (July) – William D. Silkworth M.D. is born in Brooklyn NY

1879 (August) – Dr. Bob, AA’s co-founder, was born in St. Johnsbury VT

1881 (March 21) – Anne R., Dr. Bob’s wife, is born

1890 (August) – E.M. Jellinek, Ph.D., author of “The Disease Concept of Alcoholism” & creator of the “Jellinek Curve”, was born

1891 (March 3) – Lois W. is born

1893 (December 27) – Rev. Sam Shoemaker was born. He was head of the U.S. Oxford Group movement & minister of Calvery Church in NYC, where Ebby took Bill W. to the mission on 23^rd St. in NYC

1895 (November 26) – Bill W. is born in East Dorset VT

1904 (October) – Marty Mann, an early AA woman & founder of the Nat’l. council on Alcoholism & author of the best-selling book “Primer on Alcoholism,” was born in Chicago IL

1915 (January 25) – Dr. Bob marries Anne R

1918 (January 24) – Bill W. marries Lois B.

1934 (August) – Ebby T., Bill W.’s boyhood friend & sponsor, sobers up in the Oxford Group for two years

1934 (November 11) – Bill W.’s last drunk begins & lasts about a month

1934 (December 11) – Bill W. takes his last drink & enters Towns Hospital. Bill has a spiritual experience there & the obsession with alcohol is removed

1934 (December) – Bill & Lois start attending Oxford Group meetings with Ebby

1935 (May 11) – Alone in the lobby of the Mayflower Hotel in Akron OH between the bar & the telephone, Bill W. makes 11 phone calls & finally gets Henrietta Seiberling, who introduces him to Dr. Bob

1935 (May 12) – Bill & Dr. Bob meet for the 1^st time in Akron OH at Henrietta Seiberling’s Gate House. It was Mother’s Day.

1935 (June 17) – Dr. Bob’s last drink. Bill W. & Dr. Bob founded the Fellowship in Akron OH. Thousands of AA’s from all over the world gather in Akron each year for AA Founder’s Day Weekend

1935 (July) – Akron OH lawyer Bill D. leaves the hospital sober & becomes AA #3

1935 (Late July) – Ernie G. becomes AA #4 & AA’s first “young person”. Ernie later married Sue Smith, Dr. Bob’s daughter

1935 (September) – Bill W. returns home from his Akron OH trip & AA begins in NYC

1935 (September) – Hank P., the NY group’s AA #2, takes his last drink, but after four years of sobriety, he goes back to drinking again

1935 (October) – Ebby T, Bill W.’s boyhood friend & who introduced him to the Oxford Group, moved in with Bill & Lois

1936 (February) – First AA group in Akron OH is set upon a firm footing

1936 (March) – Bill & Lois visit Fitz M. in Maryland. He’s “Our Southern Friend” in the Big Book stories

1936 (November) – Fitz M. leaves Towns Hopital to become NY area’s AA #3, besides Bill W. & Hank P.

1937 (January) – Fitz M. & others bring AA to Washington D.C. area

1937 (February) – The Oxford Group’s “alcoholic squadron” meets at Hank P.’s home in            NJ

1937 (September) – Florence R. is the 1^st female AA in NY

1937 (October) – AA meetings are held weekly at Bill & Lois’s home at 182 Clinton ST., Brooklyn, the 1^st NY AA group

1937 (October) – Dr. Leonard Strong, Bill W.’s brother-in-law, writes Rev. Willard S. Richardson of the Rockefeller Foundation seeking money for the new recovering drunks group that will be AA

1937 (October) – Bill & Lois leave by automobile for Akron OH

1937 (December) – Bill meets with Rockefeller Foundation in an attempt to raise money

1937 (December) – Rockland State Hospital takes alcoholic patients to an AA meeting in South Orange NJ

1938 (January 2) – First sales of Works Publishing Co. recorded

1938 (January) – New York AA splits from Oxford Group (which has been renamed “Moral Re- Armament” or “MRA”)

1938 (January) – Jim B., a former atheist, gives AA “God as we understand Him”

1938 (April) – 18 AA’s attend weekly meeting at 182 Clinton St. NYC, Bill’s home

1938 (April) – Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO) five trustees, three of them “Rockefeller People”, hold 1^st meeting

1938 (May) – Bill W. & other AA’s begin writing the Big Book

1938 (June) – Lois gets mad at Bill & visits her sister in NJ. She said this was one of the two times Bill came close to drinking again

1938 (June) – 1^st use of the name “Alcoholics Anonymous

1938 (June) – Hank P. & Bill W. solicit rich people on the “Rockefeller” but get no money

1938 (June) – Jim B. (Big Book story “Vicious Cycle”) sobers up

1938 (June) – Two associates of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., tells the press about a book “not to bear any author’s name but to be by “Alcoholics Anonymous”

1938 (July) – Ruth Hock types the first of many thousands of letters to drinkers needing help

1938 (August) – 1^st meeting of the Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO)

1938 (August) – Akron OH & the NY AA’s begin writing their stories for the Big Book

1938 (September) – Bill W. & Hank P. form Works Publishing Co. to raise money to write & publish “Alcoholics Anonymous”, our Big Book. Fitz M.’s sister Agnes lends Bill W. & Hank P. $1,000 to help them get through the Big Book project

1938 (December) – Bill began writing the 12 Steps using Oxford Group principles & the idea of “plugging the holes an alcoholic might ‘riggle’ through”

1939 (January) – Dr. Bob states in a letter to Ruth Hock that AA had to “get away from the Oxford Group atmosphere”

1939 (February) – Dr. Harry Tiebout became first psychiatrist to endorse AA & use AA principles in his practice

1939 (February) – 400 copies of the Bog Book’s “Original Manuscript” are sent to doctors, judges, psychiatrists & others for comment

1939 (February) – Noted theologian Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, church minister in Riverside NY, favorably reviews the Big Book

1939 (February) – A Montclair NJ psychiatrist (Dr. Howard) suggests swapping the “you musts” in the Big Book for “we ought”

1939 (April 10) – “Alcoholics Anonymous”, AA’s Big Book, is published

1939 (April) – Bank forecloses on Bill & Lois’s home. They stay with Hank P. in Montclair NJ, the 1^st of over 50 moves before they buy a home in 1941

1939 (May) – Clarence S. of Cleveland OH tells Dr. Bob, his sponsor, he won’t be back to Oxford Group meetings in Akron & will start “AA” meetings in Cleveland

1939 (Summer) – Midwest members break away from the Oxford Group

1939 (June) – The New York Times favorably reviews the Big Book

1939 (June) – Morgan R. appears on Gabriel Heatter’s national radio program. Before the show, Morgan was kept under round-the-clock surveillance to make sure he didn’t get drunk

1939 (June) – AA work spreads from Towns Hospital to asylums in Greystone NJ & Rockland NY

1939 (June) – New York Times reviewer writes the Big Book is “more soundly based psychologically than any other treatment I have ever come upon”

1939 (June) – Lois leaves by bus for Akron OH on her week’s vacation to stay with Dr. Bob & Anne & to discover what Bill’s excitement is all about

1939 (June) – Dr.Harry Emerson Fosdick favorably reviews the Big Book

1939 (July) – AA meeting starts in Harold S.’s home in Flatbush NY

1939 (July) – Blythewood Sanitarium psychiatrist Harry M. Tiebout gives a Big Book to Marty M. who promptly throws it at him

1939 (August) – Dr. Bob & Sister Ignatia admit the 1^st of more than 5,000 drunks they will treat (over the next 10 years) at St. Thomas Hospital in Akron OH

1939 (August) – Dr. Silkworth & five other M.D.’s attend AA meeting at Bob & Meg V.’s home in Montclair NJ

1939 (September) – The 1^st AA group in Chicago IL was founded

1939 (September) – Liberty magazine runs “Alcoholics And God,” an article on AA by Morris Markey. Bill W. predicts the blast from Liberty will stir things up

1939 (October) – Bill & Lois & the Sunday meetings move back to Green Pond NJ

1939 (October) – AA meeting starts at the Community House in South Orange NJ

1939 (November) – Bill & Lois visit Cleveland group founder Clarence S.

1939 (November) – NY AA’s urge Bill W. to stay on as fellowship leader & not to hunt for a job, despite his money problems

1939 (November) – Cleveland (OH.) Plain Dealer runs 1^st of a series of articles on AA by Eldrick B. Davis which inaugurates “mass production” sobriety there, soon Cleveland has many more members than anywhere in the country

1939 (November) – Hank P. writes Bill W. advocating autonomy for all AA groups

1939 (December) – Bill W. leaves NY to visit AA groups in Akron, Detroit & Cleveland

1939 (December) – Bert the tailor lends $1,000 to Works Publishing Co.

1940 (January) – First AA group founded in Detroit, MI

1940 (January) – The first AA meeting not in a home begins at King School, Akron, OH

1940 (February) – Bill W. & seven other AA’s ask 60 rich friends of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. for money at a dinner at the Union Club in NY. They receive $2,200 (all of which was paid back)

1940 (February) – Houston Press runs first of six anonymous articles on AA by Larry J.

1940 (February) – The 1^st clubhouse for AA’s opened at 334 ½ West 24^th Street in NYC

1940 (February) – Jim B. moves to Philadelphia PA and starts first Philly AA group (which first met on 2/28/40 chaired by Jim B. & held in George S.’s home). His story “The Vicious Cycle” is in the Big Book

1940 (March) – Bill & Lois visit the Philadelphia AA group

1940 (March) – Ebby, Bill’s boyhood friend & sponsor, is reported sober again

1940 (March) – Bill W. moves the Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO) office from 17-19 William St., Newark NJ, to 30 Vesey St., NYC

1940 (March) – Pat C. in California gets sober just by reading the Big Book

1940 (April) – Larry J. of Houston TX writes “The Texas Prayer” to open AA meetings in Texas

1940 (April) – The 1^st 10 copies of the Big Book arrive in the AA office in Newark NJ. Cornwall Press printed 4,650 copies of it

1940 (April) – Bill & Lois attend growing Philadelphia PA AA meeting, with 42 showing up

1940 (April) – 1^st AA group in Arkansas is formed in Little Rock

1940 (April) – Bill W. & Hank P. transfer their Works Publishing Co. stock to the Alcoholic Foundation

1940 (April) – Dr. Bob writes Trustees to refuse Big Book royalties, but Bill W. insists on them for Dr. Bob & Anne

1940 (April) – First AA pamphlet, titled “AA”, is published

1940 (May) – Washington D.C. Sunday Star reports founding of 1^st AA group in the nations capitol, meeting every Tuesday night

1940 (June) – 1^st AA group meets in Richmond VA

1940 (June) – 100 AA’s attend 1^st meeting at the 1^st AA clubhouse “open every day” at 334 ½ West 24^th St. in NY

1940 (Mid-June) – Some San Quentin prisoners read the Big Book, decide that they’re alcoholics & form AA’s 1^st prison group

1940 (June) – Baltimore MD 1^st AA group starts

1940 (July) – Fort Worth press publishes an anonymous letter from a founding member of Texas AA group

1940 (July) – The 1^st AA groups are founded in Dayton OH & Richmond VA

1940 (July) – Richmond Times Dispatch reports AA weekly meetings will begin in September

1940 (July) – Philadelphia PA AA group sends 10% of its money to the Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO) & sets a precedent for the 7^th Tradition

1940 (September) – The “Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease” reviewed the Big Book & said “of the inner meaning of alcoholism there is hardly a word”

1940 (September) – The AA Bulletin found nine “secure” groups in NYC, Washington D.C., Detroit, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, Akron & Cleveland

1940 (September) – Bill W. makes a 12^th Step call on Bobbie V., who later replaces Ruth Hock as the NY office secretary

1940 (October) – Denver CO uses the Serenity Prayer & meditation to open their meetings

1940 (November) – 1^st Minneapolis MN AA group was formed

1940 (November) – 1^st meeting is held in Boston MA

1940 (November) – Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO) publishes the 1^st “AA Bulletin”

1940 (December) – Chicago Daily Tribune begins four article series on AA by Nall Hamilton

1940 (December) – St. Louis MO AA group is founded

1941 (January) – Jack Alexander tells Bill W. the Oxford Group will be in his Saturday Evening Post article on AA

1941 (January) – AA Bulletin No.2 reports St. Louis Group has 10 members

1941 (February) – Pittsburgh Telegraph runs a story on 1^st AA group’s Friday night meeting of a dozen “former hopeless drunks”

1941 (February) – Baltimore Sunday Sun reports Baltimore’s 1^st AA group (begun in June 1940) has grown from 3 to 40 members

1941 (February) – The Toledo Blade publishes 1^st of three articles on AA by Seymour Rothman

1941 (March) – Saturday Evening Post article on AA by Jack Alexander creates national sensation; AA membership will quadruple in one year from 2,000 to 8,000

1941 (March) – Boston newspaper reports “any drunk who wants to get well is more than welcome” at the AA meeting at 115 Newbury St. at 8 p.m. Wednesday

1941 (March) – Wichita Beacon reports arrival of New York AA’er who wants to start a Wichita AA group

1941 (March) – New Haven CT. AA group is formed

1941 (March) – Cleveland forms the Fellowship’s 1^st AA women’s & also 1^st black women’s group

1941 (April) – 1st Florida AA meeting is held

1941 (April) – Ruth Hock reports 1,600 letters arrived since the Saturday Evening Post article on AA by Jack Alexander appeared in March

1941 (April) – 1st AA group in Washington State is started in Seattle

1941 (April) – Bill & Lois buy Stepping Stones, their home in Bedford Hills NY

1941 (May) – 1st Wisconsin AA meeting was held in a Milwaukee Hotel

1941 (May) – Jacksonville FL newspaper reports start of a new AA group

1941 (June) – St. Paul MN AA group is founded

1941 (June) – Kalamazoo MI AA group is founded with 3 members; a year later there will be 35 sober

1941 (June) – Kansas City press reports local Friday AA group is composed of “one time stew bums, bar flies & plain drunkards

1941 (June) – Ruth Hock tells Bill about “Serenity Prayer” a NY AA’er discovered. AA adopts the prayer

1941 (August) – Bill writes to Dr. Bob to report that Works Publishing Co. has been incorporated

1941 (August) – Cincinnati OH AA group has 60 members at its six-month anniversary party

1941 (August) – Los Angeles Daily News reports on AA picnic held at Griffith Park Zoo. AA’s were invited to “come and see some real elephants”

1941 (August) – 1st AA meeting in Colorado is held in Denver

1941 (September) – WHJP in Jacksonville FL airs “Spotlight on AA,” the 1^st radio series on AA

1941 (October) – 1st New Haven CT AA group begins

1941 (October) – AA #3, Bill D., & 900 other AA’s attend Testimonial Dinner at Hotel Seiberling in Cleveland

1941 (October) – White Plains NY Reporter Dispatch writes on Eastview AA’s work in Westchester prison

1941 (November) – Oklahoma City OK news reported “1^st mass meeting here of seven guys at Ramsey Tower Friday. An eighth man was roaring drunk”

1941 (November) – Fresno (CA.) Bee reports 28 newcomers asked for help in the local AA group’s 1^st week

1941 (November) – Columbus OH press reports 25 active members in local AA Friday night group

1941 (December) – The Dallas Morning News reports formation of the 1^st AA group in Dallas

1942 (February) – Bill W. pays tribute to Ruth Hock, AA’s 1^st paid secretary who had resigned to get married. Ruth signed 15,000 letters to alcoholics who wrote the NY AA office asking for help

1942 (March) – South Orange NJ AA holds anniversary dinner at Hotel Suburban with Bill W. as guest speaker

1942 (April) – Windsor Daily Star in Ontario, Canada, reports over 40 AA’s attend a testimonial dinner in Detroit for Dr. Bob, AA’s co-founder

1942 (May) – Bill W. tells Connecticut society for Mental Hygiene that AA has 6,000 members in 180 groups

1942 (May) – The Journal-Herald in Dayton OH runs a huge story on AA, with photos of members in Halloween masks to protect their anonymity

1942 (June) – New York AA groups sponsor first annual meeting. 424 attend. Speakers are Rev. Vincent Donovan, Dr. Silkworth, & Alcoholic Foundation (which later became GSO) Treasurer W.S. Richardson

1942 (June) – Columnist Earl Wilson reports NYC police commissioner Valentine sent 6 cops to AA, and now they are sober. Valentine credits AA with the fact “there are fewer suicides in my files.”

1942 (June) – Cleveland OH’s AA “Central Bulletin” reports a new 24 hour service number in the telephone directory

1942 (September) – U.S. Assitant Surgeon General Kolb speaks at a dinner for Bill & Dr. Bob in Philadelphia

1942 (October) – Chicago Herald American reported on AA group’s 3^rd Anniversary with 500 attending

1942 (October) – The 1^st issue of Cleveland AA’s “The Central Bulletin” is published

1943 (January) – Columbus Dispatch reports 1^st Anniversary of Central Ohio AA group

1943 (January) – Canadian newspaper reports 8 men meet in at “Little Denmark”, a Toronto restaurant, to discuss starting Canada’s first AA group

1943 (January) – Washington Star reports 300 attend the Capitals 1^st AA banquet

1943 (February) – During World War II gasoline rationing, the U.S. Gov’t. recognizes the “importance of AA work” & grants AA the right to use cars for 12^th Step work in emergency cases

1943 (February) – San Francisco CA Bulletin reporter Marsh Maslin interviews Ricardo, a San Quentin Prison AA group member

1943 (March) – Charleston Mail (W.V.) reports Bill W.’s talk at St. John’s Parish house

1943 (March) – Queens AA group celebrates 2^nd anniversary with dinner at Forest Hills Inn attended by 100 AA

1943 (May) – New Orleans Times reports founding of 1^st Louisiana AA group with a dozen members

1943 (May) – In the early days of AA, the Fellowship sought & received more publicity than today. The Sacramento Union newspaper reported “50% of AA ‘cures’ take effect immediately & are permanent.”

1943 (May) – Democrat Chronicle in Rochester NY reports 1^st annual AA dinner at Seneca Hotel with 60 attending

1943 (May) – Akron OH AA group celebrates 8^th anniversary with 500 attending

1943 (July) – 1^st summer session of Yale Univ. School of Alcohol Studies begins with Bill W. & six other AA’s attending

1943 (July) – New Haven Register (Conn.) reports arrival of AA’s to study with E.M. Jellinek (“Jellinek’s Curve”)

1943 (July) – Los Angeles press reports on formation of an all Mexican group of AA

1943 (August) – Washington Times Herald, D.C., reported on AA Clubhouse but no address to protect members anonymity

1943 (August) – Hamburg Patriot (PA.) runs a story on the anniversary of the local AA group

1943 (August) – Los Angeles Times reported on AA picnic at Sycamore Grove, 400 Southern California AA’s attend. Los Angeles had 11 groups with 1,000 AA’ers

1943 (August) – Quincy Patriot (MA.) runs a story on donation of a Big Book to the local public library by the South Shore AA group

1943 (September) – Tuscon AZ Star reported an AA group with eight men & 3 women

1943 (October) – Toledo Ohio Blade reported 200 at Clubhouse anniversary

1943 (October) – Des Moines Iowa Tribune reported AA’s from Chicago IL visited to organize AA group

1943 (November) – Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick is the speaker at the Manhattan AA group’s eighth anniversary. He had given AA the 1^st positive review of the Big Book

1943 (November) – NY AA celebrates ninth anniversary with a dinner attended by 800. Dr. Norman Vincent Peale is the guest speaker

1943 (November) – Los Angeles Times prints story on the 1^st open AA meeting at the local VA hospital

1943 (November) – San Francisco Examiner quotes “Mrs. Bill’s” opinion “women AA’s are more difficult than men…more crafty & subtle”

1943 (December) – San Quentin News reports “Mr. Bill” speaks to 300 inmates at their AA meeting

1944 (March) – The NY Intergroup is established

1944 (June) – First issue of the AA Grapevine is published

1944 (September) – “The Empty Jug” an early AA newsletter) starts in Chattanooga TN

1944 (October) – The Nat’l. Committee for Education on Alcoholism, later known as NCA, opens its NYC office

1944 (December) – Australia was the 1^st country outside of North America to have AA

1945 (February 5) – Time Magazine reported Detroit’s WWJ radio station’s pioneer broadcasts by AA’ers, 1^st such radio program in U.S.

1945 (June) – Cleveland Press reports 2,500 attend 10^th AA Anniversary Shindig. Cleveland OH has 44 of 500 AA groups and 1,200 of the nations 20,000 AA’ers

1945 (October) – The AA Grapevine was adopted as nat’l. publication of AA with 3,000 subscribers

1946 (March) –“The March of Time” a documentary on AA is filmed by NY AA office

1946 (September) – The 1^st AA group in Mexico City was formed

1946 (November) – An AA intergroup office demands an accounting of all Alcoholic Foundation money

1947 (March) – Nell Wing, Bill’s secretary & founding archivist of AA Archives, starts work at Alcoholic Foundation Office (AA)

1947 (March) – Calix Society was founded in Minneapolis by five recovering Catholic alcoholics, AA members

1947 (March) – 1^st AA group is formed in London, England

1947 (November) – Anchorage has 1^st Alaskan AA group

1949 (June 1) – Anne S., wife of Dr. Bob, died

1949 (June) – Captain Jack S. along with others, create an AA Seaman’s Club in NYC

1949 (July) – William D. Silkworth, M.D. writes the 1^st medical journal article in the “Lancet”

1949 (July) – The comic strip “Wash Tubs” was running the AA story

1949 (August) – Int’l. Doctors in AA is founded in the garage of Dr. Clarence P. in Clayton NY with 10 Doctors (3 Canadians & a psychologist among them)

1949 (September) – 1^st issue of the AA Grapevine in pocketbook format is published

1949 (October) – NY areas 1^st female AA member Florence R. is drinking again. She does not recover & eventually commits suicide

1949 (November) – Bill W. suggests AA groups everywhere to devote Thanksgiving week to discussions of the Twelve Traditions

1949 (December) – Sister Ignatia accepts Poverello Medal of St. Francis on behalf of Aa from the College of Steubenville OH

1949 (Christmas Day) – Dr. Bob’s last visit to St. Thomas Hospital’s alcoholic ward where he helped thousands of drunks

1950 (May) – Shortly before his death, Dr. Bob tells Bill, “I reckon we ought to be buried like other folks.”

1950 (May) – Nell Wing becomes Bill W.’s secretary, & AA’s 1^st archivist

1950 (July) – 1^st AA convention begins in Cleveland OH. 12 Traditions are adopted. In his farewell talk, Dr. Bob says about co-founding AA: “possibly some small thing I did a number of years ago”

1950 (November 16) – Dr. Bob Smith AA co-founder, dies

1950 (December) – Paramount Pictures changed the name of its movie “Mr. & Mrs. Anonymous” to “Something to Live For” at AA’s request. Released in 1945, it “dealt with the wonderful work being done by AA”

1951 (March 22) – William Duncan Silkworth, M.D., died at NY Towns Hospital. “Silky” treated Bill W. & countless other drunks

1951 (April) – AA’s 1^st General Service Conference is held, linking AA’s General Service Board Trustees with the entire Fellowship

1951 (May) – Al-Anon is founded

1951 (October) – The Lasker Award was given to AA by the American Public Health Assn. In San Francisco

1952 (January) – The AA Grapevine publishes its memorial issue on Dr. Bob

1952 (November) – Rev. Willard S. Richardson dies. He was AA’s connection to the Rockefeller Foundation

1954 (January) – Hank P., early AA’er who helped Bill start the NY office, died in Pennington NJ

1954 (September) – Bill D. (AA #4) dies

1955 (April) – “The Circle-In-The-Triangle” AA symbol was approved by the General Service Conference. The symbol was then dropped in 1994

1955 (July 1-3) – Legacies of Recovery, Unity, and Service are turned over to the Fellowship of AA at large by its old-timers at the 20^th Int’l. AA Convention in St. Louis MO

1955 (August) – Bill W.’s long depression lifts after he turns the “Fellowship over to the Fellowship” at the St. Louis Int’l. Convention

1956 (May) – The 1^st English AA convention was held in Cheltenham, England

1957 (October) –The book “Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age” is published

1958 (April) – The word “honest” was dropped from the AA Preamble’s “an honest desire to stop drinking”

1958 (August) – The book “Twenty-Four Hours A Day” is written by Richard W. Besides the Big Book, it’s the #2 best seller

1958 (October) – Playhouse 90 TV aired “The Days of Wine and Roses” (a movie about alcoholism)

1958 (November) – 1^st Int’l. Conf. Of Young People in AA was held at Niagra Falls NY

1959 (February) – AA granted permission to “Recording For Te Blind” to tape the Big Book

1959 (November) – The Big Book was translated for Africans in South Africa by Andries K. This was the 1^st translation of the Big Book into another language

1960 (April) – Bill W. refuses the cover of Time Magazine in order to preserve AA’s Anonymity Tradition

1960 (July) – Ft. Ed Dowling, Bill W.’s “spiritual sponsor”, dies

1960 (July) – 7,000 attend 25^th Anniv. AA convention in Long Beach CA

1961 (January) – Dr. Carl Jung answers Bill W.’s letter with “Spiritus Contra Spiritum”

1962 (May) – The AA Grapevine published the 1^st “Victor E.” cartoon

1963 (October) – E.M. Jellinek, alcoholism researcher, educator, & long time friend of AA, dies

1965 (July) – Al S. writes the “Responsibility Pledge” & a crowd of 10,000 at the Toronto Int’l. Convention take it together for the 1^st time

1965 (July) – Frank Amos, one of the “Rockefeller People” & one of AA’s 1^st trustees, dies

1966 (March) – Ebby T. dies sober

1966 (November) – U.S. President Johnson appointed Marty M. to the 1^st Nat’l. Advisory Commission on Alcoholism

1966 (December) – Ebby T, the man who really made the 1^st 12^th Step call, dies. The newspaper obituary contains no mention of AA

1967 (February) – Father John Doe (a.k.a. Fr. Ralph Pfau), the 1^st Catholic priest to join AA, dies

1970 (October) – Lois reads “Bill’s Last Message” at the Bill W. Dinner

1971 (January 24) – Bill W. dies in Miami FL

1971 (January) – The New York Times publishes Bill Wilson’s obituary on page one

1971 (May) – Bill W.is buried in small private ceremony in East Dorset VT. Dr. John Morris, AA GSB Chairman, gives the eulogy

1971 (September 22-25) – Over 500 attend the 1^st European Convention of AA in Bristol, England

1973 (April) – Dr. Jack Norris, Chairman of the AA General Service Board, presents the one millionth copy of the Big Book to President Richard Nixon at a White House ceremony

1973 (September) – AA Archives is established at the GSO in NY

1974 (May) – The 1^st World Service Meeting of AA outside of America is held in London, England

1975 (September) – Jack Alexander, author of the Saturday Evening Post articles on AA, dies

1975 (November) – General Service Board officially opens the GSO AA Archives with ribbon cutting ceremony

1975 (December) – The AA spe